13. Nucleoid Structure in Bacteria In bacteria, the tran- scription of a subset of genes is affected by DNA topology, with expression increasing or (more often) decreasing when the DNA is relaxed. When a bacterial chromosome is cleaved at a specific site by a restriction enzyme (one that cuts at a long, and thus rare, sequence), only nearby genes (within 10,000 bp) exhibit either an increase or decrease in expres- sion. The transcription of genes elsewhere in the chromosome is unaffected. Explain. (Hint: See Fig. 24-36.)
Bacterial Genomics
The study of the morphological, physiological, and evolutionary aspects of the bacterial genome is referred to as bacterial genomics. This subdisciplinary field aids in understanding how genes are assembled into genomes. Further, bacterial or microbial genomics has helped researchers in understanding the pathogenicity of bacteria and other microbes.
Transformation Experiment in Bacteria
In the discovery of genetic material, the experiment conducted by Frederick Griffith on Streptococcus pneumonia proved to be a stepping stone.
Plasmids and Vectors
The DNA molecule that exists in a circular shape and is smaller in size which is capable of its replication is called Plasmids. In other words, it is called extra-chromosomal plasmid DNA. Vectors are the molecule which is capable of carrying genetic material which can be transferred into another cell and further carry out replication and expression. Plasmids can act as vectors.
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