1. Point mutations are changes to a single base/nucleotide in the DNA sequence of a gene. This sequence change can alter the protein made from the gene in different ways depending on the type of mutation (missense, nonsense, synonymous/silent, frameshift, and loss of stop). Below is an mRNA sequence and its translated protein. For each question, select a single base/nucleotide in the ne result in the indicated mutation (note: more than one answer may be corr one) Normal Sequence: mRNA: 5' protein: GCACGU-AUG-UAC-GGG-CAU-ACA-UGA-UCGGACC 3' Met Tyr Gly His Thr Stop Nonsense Mutation: mRNA: 5' GCACGU- Protein: Silent/Synonymous Mutation: mRNA: 5' GCACGU- Protein: position U 2nd poston UCAG Phe Phe Ser Ser Leu Leu Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys stop Trp Leu Leu C Leu Pro Leu Pro Alle lle Thr Asn Thr Asn Val G Val Val Val Pro His Pro His Gin Gin Th Met Thr Tyr stop stop Ala Ala Lys Lys Asp Asp Arg Arg Arg Arg Ala Ala Glu Amino Acids Ser Ser Arg Arg Gly Gly Glu Gly Gly 3rd U A G G >< G

1. Point mutations are changes to a single base/nucleotide in the DNA sequence of a gene. This sequence change can alter the protein made from the gene in different ways depending on the type of mutation (missense, nonsense, synonymous/silent, frameshift, and loss of stop). Below is an mRNA sequence and its translated protein. For each question, select a single base/nucleotide in the ne result in the indicated mutation (note: more than one answer may be corr one) Normal Sequence: mRNA: 5' protein: GCACGU-AUG-UAC-GGG-CAU-ACA-UGA-UCGGACC 3' Met Tyr Gly His Thr Stop Nonsense Mutation: mRNA: 5' GCACGU- Protein: Silent/Synonymous Mutation: mRNA: 5' GCACGU- Protein: position U 2nd poston UCAG Phe Phe Ser Ser Leu Leu Ser Ser Tyr Cys Cys stop Trp Leu Leu C Leu Pro Leu Pro Alle lle Thr Asn Thr Asn Val G Val Val Val Pro His Pro His Gin Gin Th Met Thr Tyr stop stop Ala Ala Lys Lys Asp Asp Arg Arg Arg Arg Ala Ala Glu Amino Acids Ser Ser Arg Arg Gly Gly Glu Gly Gly 3rd U A G G >< G

Human Heredity: Principles and Issues (MindTap Course List)

11th Edition

ISBN:9781305251052

Author:Michael Cummings

Publisher:Michael Cummings

Chapter9: Gene Expression And Gene Regulation

Section: Chapter Questions

Problem 18QP: The following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this...

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Given the following mRNA, write the double-stranded DNA segment that served as the template. Indicate both the 5 and the 3 ends of both DNA strands. Also write out the tRNA anticodons and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the mRNA message. DNA: mRNA: 5-CCGCAUGUUCAGUGGGCGUAAACACUGA-3 protein: tRNA:
For each of the following items, fill in either the DNA strand, the MRNA codons, the tRNA anticodons, or the amino acid sequence that have been left blank. If several sequences might work, choose only one. Furthermore, circle the start and the stop codons of each mRNA sequence. 1. DNA (3'-5') ACG TAC GGC CGG TTA AAG CAT ACT TTC TTG MRNA TRNA Amino Acid 2. DNA (3'-5') MRNA AUG ACU AGC UGG GGG UAU UAC UUU UAG AAA TRNA Amino Acid 3. DNA (3'-5') MRNA TRNA GCU CCU UAC CAC ССС CGU AUG GCU GGG AUC Activate Go to Sett Amino Acid
As described earlier, DNA damage can cause deletion or insertion of base pairs. If a nucleotide base sequence of a coding region changes by any number of bases other than three base pairs, or multiples of 3, a frameshift mutation occurs. Depending on the location of the sequence change, such mutations can have serious effects. The following synthetic mRNA sequence codes for the beginning of a polypeptide: 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGAGGGAAGGAGGUGGCUUAUC-AUGUUU-3′ First, determine the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide. Then determine the types of mutation that have occurred in the following altered mRNA segments. What effect do these mutations have on the polypeptide products? a. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUUGCUGACGAGGGAAGGAGGUGGCUUAUCA-UGUUU-3′ b. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGAGGGAGGAGGUGGCUUAUCAU-GUUU-3′ c. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGAGGGAAGGAGGUGGCCCUUAUC-AUGUUU-3′ d. 5′-AUGUCUCCUACUGCUGACGGAAGGAGGUGGCUUAUCAU-GUUU-3′
A polypeptide has the following amino acid sequence: Met-Ser-Pro-Arg-Leu-Glu-Gly The amino acid sequence of this polypeptide was determined in a series of mutants listed in parts a through e. indicate the type of mutation that occurred in the DNA (single-base substitution, insertion, deletion) and the phenotypic effect of the mutation (nonsense mutation, missense mutation, frameshift, etc.). a. MMutant 4: Met-Ser-Pro-Glu-Gl
Given the following DNA sequence: 3'-TACTTNGTNCTNTCN-5' where N stands for any nucleotide, give the complementary mRNA sequence. Indicate direction of strand as 3'--> 5' or 5'--> 3' as in the given sequence above. Give the amino acid sequence of your mRNA sequencelin No. 1. Indicate direction of strand as above. Use all lowercase letters, 3-letter name of amino acid separated by a hyphen (-), no spaces in-between.
c) A gene in a bacteria has the following DNA sequences (the promoter sequence is positioned to the left but is not shown): 5'-CAATCATGGAATGCCATGCTTCATATGAATAGTTGACAT-3' 3'-GTTAGTACCT TACGGTACGAAGTATACTTATCAACTGTA-5' i) By referring to the codon table below, write the corresponding mRNA transcript and polypeptide translated from this DNA strand. 2 Second letter с A UUUPhe UAU Tyr UAC. UGU UGCJ UCU) UCC UCA UUG Leu UCG Cys UUC UUA Ser UAA Stop UGA Stop A UAG Stop UGG Trp G CUU CÚC CCU ССС CAU CGU His САC Pro CC CỦA Leu ССА CAA Arg CGA CUG J CCG) CAG Gin CGG AUU ACU AAU Asn AGU Ser AUC le АСC АCА AAC AAA AGC. Thr JArg AUA AGA AUG Met ACG AAG Lys AGG. GAU Asp GUU) GCU GCC GCA GCG GGU" GGC GGA GGG GUC Val GUA GAC Ala Gly GAA Glu GAGJ GUG ii) If the nucleotide indicated by the highlighted bold letter undergoes a mutation that resulted in deletion of the C:G base pair, what will be the resulting amino acid sequence following transcription and translation? Third letter DUAG DUAG DUAG A. First…
The figure shows the position of two of these mutations a and b. The nucleotides are altered in these 2 different swo-1 mutant alleles. Use the genetic table to describe any AA changes.Name the type of mutation and describe its effect on swo-1 mRNA and protein for each of the mutations. 3. The swo-1 a mutation (insertion between C and G). 4. The swo-1 b mutation (C-to-T mutation for indicated C). 5. The swo-1 a mutation leads to worms with more body wall muscle, whereas worms with the swo-1 b mutation are not able to move. Based on these phenotypes and the findings from questions 3 and 4, describe the role thewild-type version of this protein plays in muscle function.
Match the term with its definition comparing genomic DNA, mRNA, and proteins. You may only use each option ONCE. where transcription starts. where translation ends a chemical group that indicates the first nucleotide that was added to the mRNA a chemical group that indicates the first amino acid that was added to the polypeptide a DNA sequence that is neither transcribed nor translated a non-protein coding region upstream of the start codon in the mRNA promoter complimentary base-pairs with the codon amino-terminus a DNA sequence that is transcribed, but not intron translated [Choose ] stop codon +1 site tRNA 5-prime UTR start codon exon 5-prime triphosphate promoter amino-terminus 5-prime triphosphate stop codon
ii
Please fill out the following table. Circle sense or template strands. Indicate 5’, 3’, amino and carboxy ends. Use wobble whenever possible
4
) A normal mRNA that reads 5'- UGCCAUGGUAAUAACACAUGAAGGCCUGAAC-3' was an insertion mutation that changes the sequence to 5'- UGCCAUGGUUAAUAACACAUGAGGCGUGAAC-3'. Translate the original mRNA and the mutated mRNA and explain how insertion mutations can have dramatic effects on proteins. ( Hint; Be sure to find the initiation site).