Chapter 9, Problem 127A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: State whether the given compound contains covalent bonds and explain the reason.

Concept Introduction: Covalent compounds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms participating in the bond. It is formed between two non-metals. Ionic compounds are formed by the complete transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal.

Answer to Problem 127A

In KCl, the bond between K and Cl has an ionic character. Hence KCl is an ionic compound.

Explanation of Solution

Potassium (K) is an alkali metal and chlorine (Cl) is a non-metal. They form an ionic bond through the complete transfer of electrons. Thus they are ionic compounds and do not have covalent bonds.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: State whether the given compound contains covalent bonds and explain the reason.

Concept Introduction: Covalent compounds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms participating in the bond. It is formed between two non-metals. Ionic compounds are formed by the complete transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal.

Answer to Problem 127A

In ${\text{PBr}}_{\text{3}}$ , the bonds between phosphorous and bromine are covalent.

Explanation of Solution

Both phosphorous and bromine are non-metals hence they form bonds by sharing electrons. So they have covalent bonds between them.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: State whether the given compound contains covalent bonds and explain the reason.

Concept Introduction: Covalent compounds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms participating in the bond. It is formed between two non-metals. Ionic compounds are formed by the complete transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal.

Answer to Problem 127A

The compound ClBr is a molecular compound and it contains covalent bonds.

Explanation of Solution

Chlorine and bromine are both halogens and non-metals. So they form covalent bonds between them by the sharing of electrons.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: State whether the given compound contains covalent bonds and explain the reason.

Concept Introduction: Covalent compounds are formed by the mutual sharing of electrons between the atoms participating in the bond. It is formed between two non-metals. Ionic compounds are formed by the complete transfer of electrons between a metal and a non-metal.

Answer to Problem 127A

In sodium iodide, the bond between sodium and iodine is ionic.

Explanation of Solution

Sodium is an alkali metal while iodine is a non-metal belonging to the halogen group. Both of them have high electronegativity differences hence they form bonds by the complete transfer of electrons. Thus they form ionic bonds.