Chapter 7.1, Problem 7LC

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The number of electrons gain or lose by calcium to form an ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: An atom can lose or gain electron/s to attain noble gas electron configuration. A cation or positive charge ion is formed when an atom loses electron/s similarly, ananion or negatively charged ion is formed when an atom gain electron/s.

Answer to Problem 7LC

Calcium will lose 2 electrons.

Explanation of Solution

The given element is calcium. It is a metal and belongs to group 2 thus, it has 2 valence electrons. An atom of calcium can give 2 electrons to achieve noble gas electron configuration and form a positive charged ion or cation. The ion so formed is represented as ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The number of electrons gain or lose by fluorine to form an ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: An atom can lose or gain electron/s to attain noble gas electron configuration. A cation or positive charge ion is formed when an atom loses electron/s similarly, an anion or negatively charged ion is formed when an atom gain electron/s.

Answer to Problem 7LC

Fluorine will gain 1 electron.

Explanation of Solution

The given element is fluorine. It is a non-metal and belongs to group 17; thus, it has 7 valence electrons. An atom of fluorine can gain 1 electron to achieve noble gas electron configuration and form a negatively charged ion or anion. The ion so formed is represented as ${\text{F}}^{-}$ .

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The number of electrons gain or lose by aluminum to form an ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: An atom can lose or gain electron/s to attain noble gas electron configuration. A cation or positive charge ion is formed when an atom loses electron/s similarly, an anion or negative charge ion is formed when an atom gain electron/s.

Answer to Problem 7LC

Aluminum will lose 3 electrons.

Explanation of Solution

The given element is aluminum. It is a metal and belongs to group 13 thus, it has 3 valence electrons. An atom of aluminum can give 3 electrons to achieve noble gas electron configuration and form a positive charged ion or cation. The ion so formed is represented as ${\text{Al}}^{3+}$ .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:The number of electrons gain or lose by oxygen to form an ion needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: An atom can lose or gain electron/s to attain noble gas electron configuration. A cation or positive charge ion is formed when an atom loses electron/s similarly, an anion or negative charge ion is formed when an atom gain electron/s.

Answer to Problem 7LC

Calcium will gain 2 electrons.

Explanation of Solution

The given element is oxygen. It is a non-metal and belongs to group 16 thus, it has 6 valence electrons. An atom of oxygen can gain 2 electrons to achieve noble gas electron configuration and form a negatively charged ion or anion. The ion so formed is represented as ${\text{O}}^{2-}$ .