Chapter 7, Problem 35A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula forthe ion of sulphur needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An ion is formed by gaining or losing electrons by an atom. The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom becomes its charge. If an element loses electrons, it has a positive charge. In the symbol for an ion, the charge is represented as a superscript of the symbol of the atom for that element.

Answer to Problem 35A

  ${\text{S}}^{2-}$

Explanation of Solution

The given element is sulphur. It is a non-metal; thus, it gains electrons to form sulphur ion. Here, sulphur belongs to group 16; thus, it has 6 valance electrons. It can gain 2 electrons to complete its octet or to attain noble gas configuration. Thus, the formula of ion will be ${\text{S}}^{2-}$ .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula forthe ion of sodium needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An ion is formed by gaining or losing electrons by an atom. The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom becomes its charge. If an element loses electrons, it has a positive charge. In the symbol for an ion, the charge is represented as a superscript of the symbol of the atom for that element.

Answer to Problem 35A

  ${\text{Na}}^{+}$

Explanation of Solution

The given element is sodium. It is a metal; thus, it loses electrons to form an ion. Here, sodium belongs to group 1; thus, it has 1 valance electron. Since the number of electrons lost by sodium is 1; thus, it has a +1 charge. The formula of sodium ion will be ${\text{Na}}^{+}$ .

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula forthe ion of fluorine needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An ion is formed by gaining or losing electrons by an atom. The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom becomes its charge. If an element loses electrons, it has a positive charge. In the symbol for an ion, the charge is represented as a superscript of the symbol of the atom for that element.

Answer to Problem 35A

  ${\text{F}}^{-}$

Explanation of Solution

The given element is fluorine. It is a non-metal thus; it gains electrons to form fluorine ions. Here, fluorine belongs to group 17; thus, it has 7 valance electrons. It can gain 1 electron to complete its octet or to attain noble gas configuration. Thus, the formula of ion will be ${\text{F}}^{-}$ .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The formula forthe ion of phosphorus needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction:An ion is formed by gaining or losing electrons by an atom. The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom becomes its charge. If an element loses electrons, it has a positive charge. In the symbol for an ion, the charge is represented as a superscript ofthe symbol of the atom for that element.

Answer to Problem 35A

  ${\text{P}}^{3-}$

Explanation of Solution

The given element is phosphorus. It is a non-metal; thus, it gains electrons to form an ion. Here, phosphorus belongs to group 15; thus, it has 5 valance electrons. It can gain 3 electrons to complete its octet or to attain noble gas configuration. Thus, the formula of ion will be ${\text{P}}^{3-}$ .