Chapter 7, Problem 91A

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation : The samples of X-ray diffraction crystallography are to explained. This technique used to study the structure of crystalline substances is to be explained.

Concept Introduction : A scientific method known as X-ray crystallography is used to visualize the atoms of crystalline materials in three dimensions.

Answer to Problem 91A

X-ray diffraction is used to detect the structure of solid samples and crystallinity.

Explanation of Solution

In the X-ray diffraction method, the interatomic gap of most crystalline materials is used as a diffraction gradient for x-ray light having wavelengths $1\text{ Å}$ . The sample of X-ray diffraction is usually in powdered form.

It is prepared by hand grinding the sample with a mortar and pestle.

The X-rays are generated by a cathode ray tube, filtered to provide monochromatic radiation, collimated, and directed at the sample. XRD first strikes a material with incident X-rays in order to gauge its X-ray scattering angles and intensity.

For the determination of the crystallinity and structure of solid samples, X-ray diffraction is used.