Chapter 7, Problem 32A

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbol of the ion of aluminum needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: An ion is formed by gaining or losing electrons by an atom. The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom becomes its charge. If an element loses electrons, it has a positive charge. In the symbol for an ion, the charge is represented as a superscript ofthe symbol of the atom for that element.

Answer to Problem 32A

  ${\text{Al}}^{3+}$

Explanation of Solution

The given element is aluminum. It is a metal thus; it loses electrons to form an aluminum ion. Here, aluminum belongs to group 13; thus, it has 3 valance electrons. Since the number of electrons lost by an aluminum atom is 3; thus, it has a +3 charge. The symbol of the ion of aluminum will be ${\text{Al}}^{3+}$ .

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbol of the ion of lithium needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: An ion is formed by gaining or losing electrons by an atom. The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom becomes its charge. If an element loses electrons, it has a positive charge. In the symbol for an ion, the charge is represented as a superscript ofthe symbol of the atom for that element.

Answer to Problem 32A

  ${\text{Li}}^{+}$

Explanation of Solution

The given element is lithium. It is a metal; thus, it loses electrons to form an ion. Here, lithium belongs to group 1; thus, it has 1 valance electron. Since the number of electrons lost by lithium is 1; thus, it has a +1 charge. The symbol of the ion of lithium will be ${\text{Li}}^{+}$ .

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbol of the ion of barium needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: An ion is formed by gaining or losing electrons by an atom. The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom becomes its charge. If an element loses electrons, it has a positive charge. In the symbol for an ion, the charge is represented as a superscript ofthe symbol of the atom for that element.

Answer to Problem 32A

  ${\text{Ba}}^{2+}$

Explanation of Solution

The given element is barium. It is a metal thus; it loses electrons to form an ion. Here, barium belongs to group 2; thus, it has 2 valance electrons. Since the number of electrons lost by barium is 2; thus, it has a +2 charge. The symbol of the ion of barium will be ${\text{Ba}}^{2+}$ .

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbol of the ion of potassium needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: An ion is formed by gaining or losing electrons by an atom. The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom becomes its charge. If an element loses electrons, it has a positive charge. In the symbol for an ion, the charge is represented as a superscript ofthe symbol of the atom for that element.

Answer to Problem 32A

  ${\text{K}}^{+}$

Explanation of Solution

The given element is potassium. It is a metal thus; it loses electrons to form an ion. Here, potassium belongs to group 1; thus, it has 1 valance electron. Since the number of electrons lost by potassium is 1; thus, it has a +1 charge. The symbol of the ion of potassium will be ${\text{K}}^{+}$ .

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbol of the ion of calcium needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: An ion is formed by gaining or losing electrons by an atom. The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom becomes its charge. If an element loses electrons, it has a positive charge. In the symbol for an ion, the charge is represented as a superscript ofthe symbol of the atom for that element.

Answer to Problem 32A

  ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$

Explanation of Solution

The given element is calcium. It is a metal thus; it loses electrons to form an ion. Here, calcium belongs to group 2; thus, it has 2 valance electrons. Since the number of electrons lost by calcium is 2; thus, it has a +2 charge. The symbol of the ion of calcium will be ${\text{Ca}}^{2+}$ .

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The symbol of the ion of strontium needs to be determined.

Concept Introduction: An ion is formed by gaining or losing electrons by an atom. The number of electrons lost or gained by an atom becomes its charge. If an element loses electrons, it has a positive charge. In the symbol for an ion, the charge is represented as a superscript ofthe symbol of the atom for that element.

Answer to Problem 32A

  ${\text{Sr}}^{2+}$

Explanation of Solution

The given element is strontium. It is a metal thus; it loses electrons to form an ion. Here, strontium belongs to group 2; thus, it has 2 valance electrons. Since the number of electrons lost by strontium is 2; thus, it has a +2 charge. The symbol of the ion of strontium will be ${\text{Sr}}^{2+}$ .