Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The given questions under given set of conditions should be answered.
Concept introduction:
Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.
Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.
Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.
The curved arrows are generally used to indicate the flow of electrons present in the reaction.
Addition Reaction: It is defined as chemical reaction in which two given molecules combines and forms product. The types of addition reactions are electrophilic addition, nucleophilic addition, free radical additions and cycloadditions. Generally, compounds with carbon-hetero atom bonds favors addition reaction.
In addition reaction of
Oxidation Reaction: It involves loss of electrons, addition of oxygen atoms or removal of hydrogen atoms.
Oxidizing Reagents: The chemical agents used to add oxygen or remove hydrogen which finally reduced on oxidizing the other compound.
Carbocation: it is carbon ion that bears a positive charge on it.
Carbocation stability order:
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EBK ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- Draw all resonance structures for the carbocation formed by ortho attack of the electrophile +NO2 on attached starting material. Label any resonance structures that are especially stable or unstablearrow_forwardCan someone show the steps for step two of this reaction?arrow_forward1. In a Birch reaction, an aromatic compound can be treated with Na/CH3OH, it can also be treated with Li/NH3 and have the same product form. One of the intermediates in the Birch reaction is a radical anion. In the example below, anisole could possibly form a radical anion A or B, then will go into C and D. Li/NH3 A B C D A. With the knowledge you have gained from what we have discussed, which anion A or B is more stable? What is your reasoning? B. Is a Birch reaction and oxidation or reduction? Why?arrow_forward
- Draw the structure(s) of the major organic product(s) of the following reaction. s ● PPh₂ • You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. Do not include lone pairs in your answer. They will not be considered in the grading. • Omit the phosphine oxide from your answer. . If no reaction occurs, draw the organic starting material. · • Draw one structure per sketcher. Add additional sketchers using the drop-down menu in the bottom right corner. Separate multiple products using the + sign from the drop-down menu. + 99-81 ***11 / / | ? (10 ChemDoodle Sn [Farrow_forwardWork through the synthesis on a separate sheet of paper, and then draw the structure(s) of the final organic productiss 1. CH,CL. AICI 2. HNO, H₂SO 3. H, Pd/C 4. NaNO₂, HCI 5. H₂O, heat 6. NaOH 7. CH₁CIarrow_forwardDetermine whether the following reaction is an example of a nucleophilic substitution reaction: O" Molecule A + NO₂ Molecule B NO₂ + Harrow_forward
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- orgo chem questionsarrow_forwardWhy does acrylonitrile (A) react faster with 1,3-butadiene in a pericyclic reaction than methyl vinylether (B)? Check all that apply. CEN A O 1. The bond lenght between carbon and nitrogen is greater than the bond lenght between carbon and oxygen which brings the bulky cyano group further away from the carbon-carbon double bond. That reduces sterical O 2. The LUMO of acrylonitrile (A) is has a lower energy than the LUMO of methyl vinylether (B) which makes the reaction go faster O 3. The high electronegativity of the oxygen atom in ether B polarizes the carbon-carbon double bond which reduces the reaction rate. O 4. The boiling point of nitrile A is higher than the boiling point of ether B, therefore the reaction can be carried out at a higher temperature which accelerates the reaction. hindrance and accelerates the reaction.arrow_forward2. Draw the structures and explain why CH3CH₂O and CH3CO₂ are good nucleophiles but CH3SO3, water, and alcohols (R-OH) are poor nucleophiles. Propose a 'cutoff' for the amount of negative charge needed to be a good nucleophile. CH3CH₂O CH3CO₂ CH3SO3 H₂O CH₂OHarrow_forward
- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning