For the given set of species the available σ bond orbitals for overlap with vacant p orbital should be determined. Concept introduction: Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation. Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom. Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation. Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage. Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants. Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 6.2, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of species the available σ bond orbitals for overlap with vacant p orbital should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given carbocations the most stable one should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Carbocation stability order:

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Which of the statement is INCORRECT? a. The increase in stability of 2,4-hexadiene over 1,3-hexadiene is due to the increased double bond substitution of the former. b. The stabilization of dienes by conjugation is less pronounced than the aromatic stabilization of benzene. c. Resonance description in alkenes usually involves charge separation. d. Higher energy pi-orbitals often have decreasing number of nodes.

4

What types of orbitals overlap to provide stability to the tert-butyl carbocation ((Ch3) 3C +) by hyperconjugation: a. 2p atomic orbital of tertiary carbon plus sp2 atomic orbital of tertiary carbo b. 2p atomic orbital of tertiary carbon plus sigma C-H molecular orbital of methyl c.2p atomic orbital of tertiary carbon plus 2s C-h atomic orbital of methyl d. sp2 atomic orbital of tertiary carbon plus sigma C-H molecular orbital of methyl.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 6.2, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of species the available σ bond orbitals for overlap with vacant p orbital should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given carbocations the most stable one should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Carbocation stability order:

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 6.2, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of species the available σ bond orbitals for overlap with vacant p orbital should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given carbocations the most stable one should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Carbocation stability order:

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 6.2, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of species the available σ bond orbitals for overlap with vacant p orbital should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given carbocations the most stable one should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Carbocation stability order:

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Answer 5

Chapter 6.2, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of species the available σ bond orbitals for overlap with vacant p orbital should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given carbocations the most stable one should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Carbocation stability order:

Answer 6

Chapter 6.2, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of species the available σ bond orbitals for overlap with vacant p orbital should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Answer 7

Chapter 6.2, Problem 3P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

For the given set of species the available σ bond orbitals for overlap with vacant p orbital should be determined.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Leaving group: it is a fragment that leaves substrate with a pair of electrons via heterolytic bond cleavage.

Chemical reaction involves bond making and breaking of two or more reactants in order to attain products from the reactants.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given carbocations the most stable one should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Carbocation stability order:

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

From the given carbocations the most stable one should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Nucleophile: Nucleophiles are electron rich compounds which donates electrons to electrophilic compounds which results in bond formation.

Nucleophilic nature depends on the negative charge present in the molecule, the solvent in which it present and the electronegativity of the atom.

Electrophile: Electrophiles are electron deficient compounds which accepts electrons from nucleophiles that results in bond formation.

Cation: The positively charged chemical species is referred as cation.

Carbocation stability order:

Answer 10

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 6.1 - Draw the mechanism for the reaction of cyclohexene...Ch. 6.2 - a. How many bond orbitals are avilable for...Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 3P Ch. 6.2 - Prob. 4P Ch. 6.3 - Prob. 5P Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 6P Ch. 6.4 - Prob. 7P Ch. 6.4 - What alkene should be used to synthesize each of...Ch. 6.5 - The pKa of a protonated alcohol is about 2.5, and...Ch. 6.5 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains the available sigma bond orbitals for overlap with the vacant p orbital of cation in the given set of molecules.

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