Fox And Mcdonald's Introduction To Fluid Mechanics
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781118921876
Author: Pritchard, Philip J.; Leylegian, John C.; Bhaskaran, Rajesh
Publisher: WILEY
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Videos
Textbook Question
Chapter 5, Problem 74P
The common thermal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) process requires the cycling of reagents through three distinct temperatures for denaturation (90 − 94°C), annealing (50 − 55°C), and extension (72°C). In continuous-flow PCR reactors, the temperatures of the three thermal zones are maintained as fixed while the reagents are cycled continuously through these zones. These temperature variations induce significant variations in the fluid density, which under appropriate conditions can be used to generate fluid motion. The figure depicts a thermosiphon-based PCR device. The closed loop is filled with PCR reagents. The plan of the loop is inclined at an angle α with respect to the vertical. The loop is surrounded by three heaters and coolers that maintain different temperatures.
- (a) Explain why the fluid automatically circulates in the closed loop in the counterclockwise direction.
- (b) What is the effect of the angle α on the fluid velocity?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
A certain gas was produced as a product of a decomposition reaction in a reactor vessel. The reaction generated a certain amount of force that allowed the gas to move at 35 m/s. The diatomic product gas (gamma = 1.36) will be transported adiabatically in a commercial steel pipe with a diameter of 1 inch. If the exit of the reactor and start of the pipe has a same pressure of 6 atm abs. and temperature of 120 degrees Celsius. The molecular weight of the gas is 70.91 kg/kgmol.
2. What is the Mach No. at the entry of the pipe?
0.36
0.41
0.14
none of the given
0.25
0.52
0.63
Heat exchangers are devices that facilitate the transfer of thermal energy from one fluid to another across a solid wall. In a particular heat exchanger, glycerin enters the unit at a temperature of 30°C and exits the unit at a temperature of 60°C. What is the temperature change of the glycerin in units of °F, °R, and K?
If Xf = 42000 ppm, Xb= 70000 ppm, and
Md= 1 kg/s then the mass flow rate of the
brine is
إختر أحد الخيارات:
kg/s 2.5
.a O
kg/s 1.5
.b O
kg/s 1.2 .C O
kg/s 1 .d O
Chapter 5 Solutions
Fox And Mcdonald's Introduction To Fluid Mechanics
Ch. 5 - Which of the following sets of equations represent...Ch. 5 - Which of the following sets of equations represent...Ch. 5 - In an incompressible three-dimensional flow field,...Ch. 5 - In a two-dimensional incompressible flow field,...Ch. 5 - The three components of velocity in a velocity...Ch. 5 - The x component of velocity in a steady,...Ch. 5 - The y component of velocity in a steady...Ch. 5 - The velocity components for an incompressible...Ch. 5 - The radial component of velocity in an...Ch. 5 - A crude approximation for the x component of...
Ch. 5 - A useful approximation for the x component of...Ch. 5 - A useful approximation for the x component of...Ch. 5 - For a flow in the xy plane, the x component of...Ch. 5 - Consider a water stream from a jet of an...Ch. 5 - Which of the following sets of equations represent...Ch. 5 - For an incompressible flow in the r plane, the r...Ch. 5 - A viscous liquid is sheared between two parallel...Ch. 5 - A velocity field in cylindrical coordinates is...Ch. 5 - Determine the family of stream functions that...Ch. 5 - The stream function for a certain incompressible...Ch. 5 - Determine the stream functions for the following...Ch. 5 - Determine the stream function for the steady...Ch. 5 - Prob. 23PCh. 5 - A parabolic velocity profile was used to model...Ch. 5 - A flow field is characterized by the stream...Ch. 5 - A flow field is characterized by the stream...Ch. 5 - Prob. 27PCh. 5 - A flow field is characterized by the stream...Ch. 5 - In a parallel one-dimensional flow in the positive...Ch. 5 - Consider the flow field given by V=xy2i13y3j+xyk....Ch. 5 - Prob. 31PCh. 5 - The velocity field within a laminar boundary layer...Ch. 5 - A velocity field is given by V=10ti10t3j. Show...Ch. 5 - The y component of velocity in a two-dimensional,...Ch. 5 - A 4 m diameter tank is filled with water and then...Ch. 5 - An incompressible liquid with negligible viscosity...Ch. 5 - Sketch the following flow fields and derive...Ch. 5 - Consider the low-speed flow of air between...Ch. 5 - As part of a pollution study, a model...Ch. 5 - As an aircraft flies through a cold front, an...Ch. 5 - Wave flow of an incompressible fluid into a solid...Ch. 5 - A steady, two-dimensional velocity field is given...Ch. 5 - A velocity field is represented by the expression...Ch. 5 - A parabolic approximate velocity profile was used...Ch. 5 - A cubic approximate velocity profile was used in...Ch. 5 - The velocity field for steady inviscid flow from...Ch. 5 - Consider the incompressible flow of a fluid...Ch. 5 - Consider the one-dimensional, incompressible flow...Ch. 5 - Expand (V)V in cylindrical coordinates by direct...Ch. 5 - Determine the velocity potential for (a) a flow...Ch. 5 - Determine whether the following flow fields are...Ch. 5 - The velocity profile for steady flow between...Ch. 5 - Consider the velocity field for flow in a...Ch. 5 - Consider the two-dimensional flow field in which u...Ch. 5 - Consider a flow field represented by the stream...Ch. 5 - Fluid passes through the set of thin, closely...Ch. 5 - A two-dimensional flow field is characterized as u...Ch. 5 - A flow field is represented by the stream function...Ch. 5 - Consider the flow field represented by the stream...Ch. 5 - Consider the flow field represented by the stream...Ch. 5 - Consider the velocity field given by V=Ax2i+Bxyj,...Ch. 5 - Consider again the viscometric flow of Example...Ch. 5 - The velocity field near the core of a tornado can...Ch. 5 - A velocity field is given by V=2i4xjm/s. Determine...Ch. 5 - Consider the pressure-driven flow between...Ch. 5 - Consider a steady, laminar, fully developed,...Ch. 5 - Assume the liquid film in Example 5.9 is not...Ch. 5 - Consider a steady, laminar, fully developed...Ch. 5 - Consider a steady, laminar, fully developed...Ch. 5 - A linear velocity profile was used to model flow...Ch. 5 - A cylinder of radius ri rotates at a speed ...Ch. 5 - The velocity profile for fully developed laminar...Ch. 5 - Assume the liquid film in Example 5.9 is...Ch. 5 - The common thermal polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...Ch. 5 - A tank contains water (20C) at an initial depth y0...Ch. 5 - For a small spherical particle of styrofoam...Ch. 5 - Use Excel to generate the progression to an...
Additional Engineering Textbook Solutions
Find more solutions based on key concepts
When displaying a Java applet, the browser invokes the _____ to interpret the bytecode into the appropriate mac...
Web Development and Design Foundations with HTML5 (8th Edition)
In the following exercises, write a program to carry out the task. The program should use variables for each of...
Introduction To Programming Using Visual Basic (11th Edition)
True or False: When you write a constructor for a class, it still has the default constructor that Java automat...
Starting Out with Java: From Control Structures through Objects (7th Edition) (What's New in Computer Science)
File Display Assume a file containing a series of integers is named numbers.txt and exists on the computers dis...
Starting Out with Python (4th Edition)
Determine the slope of the simply supported beam at A. E = 200 GPa and I = 39.9(106) m4. F126
Mechanics of Materials (10th Edition)
What are the steps in chemical machining using photosensitive resists?
Degarmo's Materials And Processes In Manufacturing
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, mechanical-engineering and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- For Heat transfer through cylinder tube wall, the temperature is to be a linear function of r (radius) of the tube. Select one: O True O False The conductivity of H20 in solid form (ice) is higher than that of H20 in liquid form (water). Select one: O True O False F, (Correction factor for temperature in some heat exchangers) should be 1.0 or greater than 1.0 in some cases. Select one: O True Falsearrow_forwardNote:- • Do not provide handwritten solution. Maintain accuracy and quality in your answer. Take care of plagiarism. • Answer completely. • You will get up vote for sure.arrow_forwardWaste heat from the first washing cycle of a dishwasher will be stored in PCM (latent heat:200 J/g) to be utilized in preheating of the second washing cycle with a flow rate of 3 L/min for 15 min. How much PCM in kg is needed to increase the temperature of the second washing cycle by 5 °C? (water density=1 kg/L, C₂= 4,18 kJ/kg °C). Assume PCM is totally melted during storage and frozen during recovery. O a. 2.3 kg O b. 1.9 kg O c. 4.7 kg O d. 5.7 kgarrow_forward
- In any heat exchanger, the log mean temperature difference "could" be the same as the mean "average" temperature difference of both ends of the heat exchanger, depending on the temperature profile within that heat exchanger along heat exchanger tubes. Select one: OTrue O False At very low pressures (vacuum), the thermal conductivity of gases approaches zero. Select one: O True O Falsearrow_forwardB/A boiling channel receives a thermal power of 6000 kw. If subcooled water at 275 °C enters the channel at a flow rate of 15 kg/s what is the void fraction at the channel outlet where the slip ratio is 1.687 and pressure is 68 bar. Given data: At 68 bar: h=1256 KJ/Kg, hg-1518 KJ/Kg, V-1.344*10-³ m³/Kg, V-28.27*10³ m³/Kgarrow_forwardThe liquid food is flowed through an uninsulated pipe at 90 ° C. The product flow rate is 0.3 kg / s and has a density of 1000 kg / m³, specific heat 4 kJ / (kg K), a viscosity of 8 x 10-6 Pa s, and a thermal conductivity of 0.55 W / (m) K). Assume that the change in viscosity is negligible. The internal diameter of the pipe is 30 mm with a thickness of 3 mm made of stainless steel (k = 15 W / [m ° C]). The outside temperature is 15 ° C. If the outer convective heat transfer coefficient is 18 W / (m² K), calculate the heat loss at steady state per meter pipe length. a. Find the convection coefficient in pipe = W / m² ° C. b. Calculate heat loss per meter pipe length = wattsarrow_forward
- Pressurized water (pin = 10 bar, Tin =110◦C) enters the bottom of an L = 12m long vertical tube of diameter D = 110 mm at a mass flow rate of m =1.5kg/s . The tube is located inside a combustion chamber, resulting in heat transfer to the tube. Superheated steam exits the top of the tube at pout = 7 bar, Tout = 600◦C. Determine the change in the rate at which the following quantities enter and exit the tube: (a) the combined thermal and flow work, (b) the mechanical energy, and (c) the total energy of the water. Also, (d) determine the heat transfer rate, Q˙. Hint: Relevant properties may be obtained from a thermodynamics text.arrow_forwardA group of students were tasked to compare the coefficient of performance of the freezer after observing how effective it operates after it converts a certain amount of water to ice in 6 hours. They were able to construct the table shown below. Compute the actual and ideal COP for both freezers Panasonic White Westinghouse 0.08 hp Power rating 42 W Mass of water 15 kg 20.5 kg Latent heat of solidification 80 cal/g 80 cal/g Interior temperature Exterior temperature 0.9- - 10°C 31'C 20°Carrow_forwardA steam trap is a device to purge steam condensate from a system without venting uncondensed steam. In one of the crudest trap types, the condensate collects and raises a float attached to a drain plug. Whenthe float reaches a certain level, it “pulls the plug,” opening the drain valve and allowing the liquid to discharge. The float then drops down to its original position and the valve closes, preventing uncondensed steam from escaping.(a) Suppose saturated steam at 25 bar is used to heat 100 kg/min of an oil from 135°C to 185°C. Heat must be transferred to the oil at a rate of 1:00 x 10 4 kJ/min to accomplish this task. The steam condenses on the exterior of a bundle of tubes through which the oil is flowing. Condensate collectsin the bottom of the exchanger and exits through a steam trap set to discharge when 1200 g of liquid is collected. How often does the trap discharge?(b) Especially when periodic maintenance checks are not performed, steam traps often fail to close completely…arrow_forward
- Please show your solution on a paper with measures of units in every process. The actual velocity of gas entering in a chimney is 8 m/s. The gas temperature is 25°C with a gas constant of 0.287 kJ/kg-K. Determine the gas pressure for a mass of a gas is 50,000 kg/hr and chimney diameter of 1.39 m.arrow_forwardVelocity of a gas When a hot gas exits a cylindrical smoke- stack, its velocity varies throughout a circular cross section of the smokestack, with the gas near the center of the cross section having a greater velocity than the gas near the perime- ter. This phenomenon can be described by the formula V = Vmas where Vmax is the maximum velocity of the gas, ro is the radius of the smokestack, and V is the velocity of the gas at a distance r from the center of the circular cross section. Solve this formula for r.arrow_forward2 m^3/min of a light oil are to be heated from 20C to 100C (with zero vaporization) in an exchanger using 250 kPa steam of 90% quality. The heat losses to the surrounding air have been estimated to be 5% of the heat transferred from the condensing steam to the oil. If the steam condensate leaves at its saturation point, what mass of steam perhour will be used in the exchanger? For light oil, Specific gravity= 0.88Specific heat= 2.00 kJ/kg-KFor steam at 250 kPa,Saturated liquid: hf= 535.49 kJ/kgvf=0.001067 m^3/kgSaturated vapor: hg= 2716.8 kJ/kgvg= 0.7188 m^3/kgarrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...Mechanical EngineeringISBN:9781305387102Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.Publisher:Cengage Learning
Principles of Heat Transfer (Activate Learning wi...
Mechanical Engineering
ISBN:9781305387102
Author:Kreith, Frank; Manglik, Raj M.
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Properties of Fluids: The Basics; Author: Swanson Flo;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TgD3nEO1iCA;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY
Fluid Mechanics-Lecture-1_Introduction & Basic Concepts; Author: OOkul - UPSC & SSC Exams;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6bZodDnmE0o;License: Standard Youtube License