Interpretation:
The expected directing effects that would be observed if the given compound undergoes an electrophilic
Concept Introduction:
Electrophilic substitution reaction is a type of reaction in which a particular group or atom in a compound is replaced by electrophile. An electrophile is a species that is deficient of electrons
Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors.
Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho-para directing.
Halogens are deactivators that are ortho-para directing.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics
- In an electrophilic aromatic substitution, the substitution pattern on the product is determine by the directing nature of the substituents on the ring. What controls the substitution pattern in a nucleophilic aromatic substitution reaction?arrow_forwardWhat was the diene that was used to make this Diels-Alder reaction product? refluxarrow_forwardWhich of the following compounds will react with methylamine to form the imine shown below?arrow_forward
- Select the appropriate reagent and TWO possible substrates for the following reductive amination.arrow_forwardEnamines can serve as enolate surrogates in reactions at the a-carbon. In the following reaction sequence, the structures of the enamine addition product – the initial zwitterion and its neutral tautomer – are shown. Draw the structures of the two reactants forming these intermediates, and draw the structure of the final product, obtained via hydrolysis the neutral intermediate. reactants initial zwitterionic intermediate tautomerization hydrolysis product neutral intermediate NH н,о Н,о ↑arrow_forwardThe following molecule undergoes an intramolecular reaction in the presence of pyrrolidinium acetate, the protonated form of pyrrolidine. Draw the product of this reaction, assuming that a dehydration reaction takes place.arrow_forward
- For each compound below, identify which position(s) is/are most likely to undergo an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction based on electronic effects only.arrow_forwardThe formation of an acetal from a ketone or aldehyde has a very similar mechanism to the formation of an imine (review Equations 18-13 and 18-19). Both require acidic conditions to generate a water leaving group. At very acidic pH, however, the rate of imine formation slows down (see the accompanying graph), whereas the rate of acetal formation does not. Explain this pH dependence of imine formation. 1 2 3 4 6 7 pH Rate of imine formation –>arrow_forwardIn electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction by drawing the structures of the compounds given below Explain which products will be formed as a result of the reaction with the nitronium ion.a)Methoxybenzeneb)Benzoic acidarrow_forward
- Propose a plausible and logical synthetic pathway for the followingarrow_forwardPropose a multistep synthesis for each of the intermediates / products in the following questions. Show all relevant reagents, solvents, and reaction conditionsarrow_forwardEnamines can serve as enolate surrogates in reactions at the a-carbon. In the reaction sequence, the structures of the enamine addition product – the initial iminium and its neutral tautomer – are shown. Draw the structures of the enamine and alkyl bromide reactants that would combine to form these intermediates, and draw the structure of the final product, obtained via hydrolysis of the neutral intermediate. iminium intermediate neutral intermediate tautomerization N. Reactants H20 hydrolysis product Draw the enamine and alkyl bromide reactants. Draw the hydrolysis product. ZIarrow_forward
- Organic ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305580350Author:William H. Brown, Brent L. Iverson, Eric Anslyn, Christopher S. FootePublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning