An efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be predicted. The given reaction is shown as, Concept Introduction: Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors. Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho-para directing. Halogens are deactivators that are ortho-para directing. In a reaction, fuming sulfuric acid is used to introduce sulfonic groups in a compound (sulfonation) or sometimes used as blocking groups. Chlorination: A reaction in which a chlorine atom is introduced to the compound. In a reaction, sulfonic acid group can be removed from a compound by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid (desulfonation). Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement that allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be predicted. The given reaction is shown as,

Concept Introduction:

Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors.

Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho-para directing.

Halogens are deactivators that are ortho-para directing.

In a reaction, fuming sulfuric acid is used to introduce sulfonic groups in a compound (sulfonation) or sometimes used as blocking groups.

Chlorination: A reaction in which a chlorine atom is introduced to the compound.

In a reaction, sulfonic acid group can be removed from a compound by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid (desulfonation).

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement that allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown as,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 4

In the given reaction, a 2-propyl (alkyl) and chloro group has to be introduced to the benzene ring.

The 2-propyl group can be introduced to benzene ring by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation.
Since alkyl group is an activator and it is ortho-para directing. Due to steric effect, chloro group is expected to get substituted at para position on chlorination. For avoiding this, the para position is blocked by performing sulfonation.
The SO3H− substituted compound further undergoes chlorination where a chloro group gets introduced in the ortho position of alkyl group.
The sulfonic acid group present in the compound is then removed by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid.

Therefore, synthesis can be given as follows,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 5

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be predicted. The given reaction is shown as,

Concept Introduction:

Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors.

Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho-para directing.

Halogens are deactivators that are ortho-para directing.

In a reaction, fuming sulfuric acid is used to introduce sulfonic groups in a compound (sulfonation) or sometimes used as blocking groups.

Chlorination: A reaction in which a chlorine atom is introduced to the compound.

In a reaction, sulfonic acid group can be removed from a compound by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid (desulfonation).

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement that allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown as,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 4

In the given reaction, a 2-propyl (alkyl) and chloro group has to be introduced to the benzene ring.

The 2-propyl group can be introduced to benzene ring by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation.
Since alkyl group is an activator and it is ortho-para directing. Due to steric effect, chloro group is expected to get substituted at para position on chlorination. For avoiding this, the para position is blocked by performing sulfonation.
The SO3H− substituted compound further undergoes chlorination where a chloro group gets introduced in the ortho position of alkyl group.
The sulfonic acid group present in the compound is then removed by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid.

Therefore, synthesis can be given as follows,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 5

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be predicted. The given reaction is shown as,

Concept Introduction:

Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors.

Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho-para directing.

Halogens are deactivators that are ortho-para directing.

In a reaction, fuming sulfuric acid is used to introduce sulfonic groups in a compound (sulfonation) or sometimes used as blocking groups.

Chlorination: A reaction in which a chlorine atom is introduced to the compound.

In a reaction, sulfonic acid group can be removed from a compound by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid (desulfonation).

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement that allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown as,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 4

In the given reaction, a 2-propyl (alkyl) and chloro group has to be introduced to the benzene ring.

The 2-propyl group can be introduced to benzene ring by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation.
Since alkyl group is an activator and it is ortho-para directing. Due to steric effect, chloro group is expected to get substituted at para position on chlorination. For avoiding this, the para position is blocked by performing sulfonation.
The SO3H− substituted compound further undergoes chlorination where a chloro group gets introduced in the ortho position of alkyl group.
The sulfonic acid group present in the compound is then removed by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid.

Therefore, synthesis can be given as follows,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 5

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be predicted. The given reaction is shown as,

Concept Introduction:

Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors.

Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho-para directing.

Halogens are deactivators that are ortho-para directing.

In a reaction, fuming sulfuric acid is used to introduce sulfonic groups in a compound (sulfonation) or sometimes used as blocking groups.

Chlorination: A reaction in which a chlorine atom is introduced to the compound.

In a reaction, sulfonic acid group can be removed from a compound by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid (desulfonation).

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement that allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown as,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 4

In the given reaction, a 2-propyl (alkyl) and chloro group has to be introduced to the benzene ring.

The 2-propyl group can be introduced to benzene ring by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation.
Since alkyl group is an activator and it is ortho-para directing. Due to steric effect, chloro group is expected to get substituted at para position on chlorination. For avoiding this, the para position is blocked by performing sulfonation.
The SO3H− substituted compound further undergoes chlorination where a chloro group gets introduced in the ortho position of alkyl group.
The sulfonic acid group present in the compound is then removed by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid.

Therefore, synthesis can be given as follows,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 5

Want to see more full solutions like this?

Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 5

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be predicted. The given reaction is shown as,

Concept Introduction:

Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors.

Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho-para directing.

Halogens are deactivators that are ortho-para directing.

In a reaction, fuming sulfuric acid is used to introduce sulfonic groups in a compound (sulfonation) or sometimes used as blocking groups.

Chlorination: A reaction in which a chlorine atom is introduced to the compound.

In a reaction, sulfonic acid group can be removed from a compound by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid (desulfonation).

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement that allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown as,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 4

In the given reaction, a 2-propyl (alkyl) and chloro group has to be introduced to the benzene ring.

The 2-propyl group can be introduced to benzene ring by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation.
Since alkyl group is an activator and it is ortho-para directing. Due to steric effect, chloro group is expected to get substituted at para position on chlorination. For avoiding this, the para position is blocked by performing sulfonation.
The SO3H− substituted compound further undergoes chlorination where a chloro group gets introduced in the ortho position of alkyl group.
The sulfonic acid group present in the compound is then removed by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid.

Therefore, synthesis can be given as follows,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 5

Answer 6

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be predicted. The given reaction is shown as,

Concept Introduction:

Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors.

Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho-para directing.

Halogens are deactivators that are ortho-para directing.

In a reaction, fuming sulfuric acid is used to introduce sulfonic groups in a compound (sulfonation) or sometimes used as blocking groups.

Chlorination: A reaction in which a chlorine atom is introduced to the compound.

In a reaction, sulfonic acid group can be removed from a compound by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid (desulfonation).

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement that allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown as,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 4

In the given reaction, a 2-propyl (alkyl) and chloro group has to be introduced to the benzene ring.

The 2-propyl group can be introduced to benzene ring by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation.
Since alkyl group is an activator and it is ortho-para directing. Due to steric effect, chloro group is expected to get substituted at para position on chlorination. For avoiding this, the para position is blocked by performing sulfonation.
The SO3H− substituted compound further undergoes chlorination where a chloro group gets introduced in the ortho position of alkyl group.
The sulfonic acid group present in the compound is then removed by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid.

Therefore, synthesis can be given as follows,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 5

Answer 7

Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

An efficient synthesis for the given transformation has to be predicted. The given reaction is shown as,

Concept Introduction:

Deactivators are electron withdrawing groups attached to the benzenes that have either positive charge or an atom with high electronegativity. They are meta directors.

Activators are electron donating groups attached to the benzenes that have either electron density that is able to push into benzene ring or a lone pair of electrons. They are ortho-para directing.

Halogens are deactivators that are ortho-para directing.

In a reaction, fuming sulfuric acid is used to introduce sulfonic groups in a compound (sulfonation) or sometimes used as blocking groups.

Chlorination: A reaction in which a chlorine atom is introduced to the compound.

In a reaction, sulfonic acid group can be removed from a compound by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid (desulfonation).

Friedel-Crafts Alkylation: This Lewis acid-catalyzed electrophilic aromatic replacement that allows the synthesis of alkylated products by means of the reaction of arenes through alkyl halides or alkenes.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

The given reaction is shown as,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 4

In the given reaction, a 2-propyl (alkyl) and chloro group has to be introduced to the benzene ring.

The 2-propyl group can be introduced to benzene ring by Friedel-Crafts Alkylation.
Since alkyl group is an activator and it is ortho-para directing. Due to steric effect, chloro group is expected to get substituted at para position on chlorination. For avoiding this, the para position is blocked by performing sulfonation.
The SO3H− substituted compound further undergoes chlorination where a chloro group gets introduced in the ortho position of alkyl group.
The sulfonic acid group present in the compound is then removed by treating it with dilute sulfuric acid.

Therefore, synthesis can be given as follows,

Organic Chemistry As a Second Language: Second Semester Topics, Chapter 4.9, Problem 4.94P , additional homework tip 5

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Ch. 4.1 - Consider the following reaction, in which an...Ch. 4.1 - Prob. 4.3P Ch. 4.1 - Aromatic rings will also undergo iodination when...Ch. 4.2 - In each of the following cases, identify the...Ch. 4.2 - In each of the following cases, identify the...Ch. 4.2 - In each of the following cases, identify the...Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.10P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.11P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.12P Ch. 4.3 - Prob. 4.13P

Explanation of Solution

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