Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780618974122
Author: Andrei Straumanis
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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The following organic compound, or a derivative thereof, is important in certain metabolic processes.
Complete the Lewis diagram before answering the following questions.
How many pi bonds are there in a molecule of isocitric acid? How many sigma bonds are there in a molecule of isocitric acid? How many valence electrons are there in a molecule of isocitric acid?
A resonance hybrid is a structure that can be depicted by more than one valid Lewis structure.
part1: Draw the major resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.
part2: Draw the second most important resonance form of fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized, and it should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.
part3: Draw the least important resonance contributor for fulminic acid, HCNO, with the atoms connected as indicated in the formula. Your structure should have nonzero formal charges minimized and should include all nonzero formal charges and all nonbonding electrons.
Draw the Lewis dot structure for CBr4 .
Choose the answer below that gives the (I) number of lone pairs and (II) number of chemical bonds on the central atom along with (III) the number of double bonds in the compound.
Group of answer choices
0 lone pairs, 3 bonds, 0 multiple bonds
1 lone pair, 4 bonds, 1 multiple bond
2 lone pairs, 4 bonds, 2 multiple bonds
1 lone pair, 4 bonds, 0 multiple bonds
0 lone pairs, 4 bonds, 2 multiple bonds
0 lone pairs, 4 bonds, 0 multiple bonds
Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 4 - Figure 4.1 is a cartoon depiction of liquid water...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 4 - In HF , neither H nor F holds a full formal charge...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 7CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 4 - Within any one section of Table 4.2, boiling...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10CTQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 12CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 13CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 14CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 15CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 16CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 17CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 18CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 19CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 20CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 21CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 22CTQCh. 4 - (E) Label each of the following as strong acid,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 24CTQCh. 4 - Draw the structure of the conjugate base of water....Ch. 4 - Does Cl have a conjugate acid? If so, what is it?...Ch. 4 - Draw the conjugate base of CH4 (methane).Ch. 4 - For the previous four questions, label each...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29CTQCh. 4 - According to the conventions above, what is the...Ch. 4 - Draw an arrow on Figure 4.13 representing Hrxn4 ....Ch. 4 - Prob. 32CTQCh. 4 - Add a + or above each curved arrow in Figure 4.11...Ch. 4 - Prob. 34CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 35CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 36CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 37CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 38CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 39CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 40CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 41CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 42CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 43CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 44CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 45CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 46CTQCh. 4 - For NH3 (ammonia) and H2O (water)... a. Use curved...Ch. 4 - Prob. 48CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 49CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 50CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 51CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 52CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 53CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - Prob. 2ECh. 4 - Prob. 3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4ECh. 4 - Prob. 5ECh. 4 - Prob. 6ECh. 4 - Prob. 7ECh. 4 - Prob. 8ECh. 4 - Propanal (bp 48°C) and propanol (bp 97°C), both...Ch. 4 - Rank the following molecules from lowest to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12ECh. 4 - For each molecule below, draw the conjugate acid...Ch. 4 - For each structure you drew in the answer to the...Ch. 4 - Mark each of the following statements True or...Ch. 4 - Organic chemistry is a bit like cooking. Later in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4 - Prob. 18ECh. 4 - Are endothermic reactions favorable or...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20ECh. 4 - Is bond formation endothermic or exothermic? Write...Ch. 4 - Summarize the relationship between pKa and acid...Ch. 4 - Summarize the relationship between pKa and base...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4 - Consider the following bases: a. For each base...Ch. 4 - Prob. 27ECh. 4 - The following are equivalent ways of asking about...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29E
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- Indicate which of the following molecules are polar. Draw the molecular structure of each polar molecule, including the arrows that indicate the bond dipoles and the molecular dipole moment. (a) HCN (b) I2 (c) NOarrow_forwardDraw a Lewis structure for fulminic acid, HONC or HCNO, adding charges and lone electron pairs to the appropriate atoms. Explicitly draw all H atoms. Include all valence lone pairs in your answer. opy aste H-C=N=Qarrow_forwardHow do you know when to draw a solid wedge vs a dashed wedge when drawing 3D bond-line structures? I know that solid-wedge means the atom is pointing towards you and dashed wedge means it's in the back, but how do you know which atoms are in the front as opposed to the back? How can you tell what the configuration will look like in space just by looking at the lewis structure or name?arrow_forward
- Which has a greater dipole moment? CH2Cl2 or CH2F2 The book states that a C-Cl bond has a greater dipole moment than a C-F bond, regardless of F's larger electronegativity, because the C-Cl has a larger bond length. Does the same logic apply?arrow_forwardNonearrow_forwardFill in the table for CH4, H2O and SO2 please.arrow_forward
- Unshared, or lone, electron pairs play an important role in determining the chemical and physical properties of organic compounds. Thus, it is important to know which atoms carry unshared pairs. Use the structural formulas below to determine the number of unshared pairs at each designated atom. Be sure your answers are consistent with the formal charges on the formulas. CH3 CH₂ CH3 a H₂C C-C C The number of unshared pairs at atom a is | The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c is | -H The number of unshared pairs at atom a is The number of unshared pairs at atom b is The number of unshared pairs at atom c is | Submit Answer Retry Entire Group 1 more group attempt remainingarrow_forwardPure HN3 (atom sequence HNNN) is explosive. In aqueous solution, it is a weak acid that yields the azide ion, N3−. Draw one resonance structure for N3− and one resonance structure for HN3. Include all lone pair electrons and nonzero formal charges in your structures. helparrow_forwardDesignate the structural features of polar molecules using partial charges or arrows. Ethyl heptanoate is responsible for grape aroma. It has the chemical formula C9H1802 but structural formula CH3-(CH2)s-COO-CH2-CH3. A structure is shown below. Which bonds would feature partial charges? Designate them using partial charges or arrows. H H H | H H H Harrow_forward
- Please don't provide handwriting solutionarrow_forwardSuppose that any given kind of bond, such as 0-H, has a characteristic electric dipole. That is, suppose that elec- tric dipole moments can be assigned to bonds just as bond energies can be. Both are usefully accurate approxi- mations. Consider the water molecule H `H Show that if MOH is the dipole moment of the OH bond, then the dipole moment of water is µ(H2O) = 2µ0H cos (0/2). What is the dipole moment µoH if µ(H,O) is 1.86 D?arrow_forwardGive me a clear handwritten answer with explanationarrow_forward
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