Whether conjugate acid with low p K a value will donate H + ions more easily than that with high p K a value is consistent with fact that below acids have p K a close to zero or not should be determined. Concept introduction: According to the Bronsted-Lowry concept, the substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called a base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by the addition of protons to base. The strength of an acid is determined by its p K a value while that of the base is governed by its p K b value. According to Lewis's concept, the substance that donates electron pair is termed as a base while that accepts or gains electron pair is called acid. For example, BF 3 is an electron-deficient compound and can easily accept electrons so it is Lewis acid. But NH 3 has lone pair of electrons that it can donate easily so it acts as Lewis base. According to the Arrhenius concept, substances that donate hydrogen ions in solutions are known as acids while bases are substances that release hydroxide ions in solutions.

Question

For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. ? NH2 MgBr Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? ○ Yes ○ No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? O Yes O No Click and drag to start drawing a structure. :☐ G x c olo Ar HE

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Question

Chapter 4, Problem 39CTQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether conjugate acid with low pKa value will donate H+ ions more easily than that with high pKa value is consistent with fact that below acids have pKa close to zero or not should be determined.

Concept introduction: According to the Bronsted-Lowry concept, the substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called a base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by the addition of protons to base. The strength of an acid is determined by its pKa value while that of the base is governed by its pKb value.

According to Lewis's concept, the substance that donates electron pair is termed as a base while that accepts or gains electron pair is called acid. For example, BF3 is an electron-deficient compound and can easily accept electrons so it is Lewis acid. But NH3 has lone pair of electrons that it can donate easily so it acts as Lewis base.

According to the Arrhenius concept, substances that donate hydrogen ions in solutions are known as acids while bases are substances that release hydroxide ions in solutions.

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For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. ? NH2 MgBr Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? ○ Yes ○ No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? O Yes O No Click and drag to start drawing a structure. :☐ G x c olo Ar HE

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