Whether a dotted line that is marked with X is hydrogen bond or not should be determined. Concept introduction: Intermolecular forces are types of forces that are responsible to hold atoms together in a molecule. There are various types of intermolecular forces as follows: 1. Hydrogen bonding: As is evident from its name, these types of forces exist if hydrogen is present. Such forces are present when hydrogen atom bonds with highly electronegative elements like N , O and F . It is of two types: intramolecular and intermolecular. HF forms hydrogen bonding with water. 2. Ion-dipole forces: This force exists between ion and molecules with dipole moment in them. Attraction exists between ion and oppositely charged end of the dipole. 3. Ion-induced dipole forces: When an ion approaches a non-polar molecule, it induces temporary dipole in it. Ion gets attracted to oppositely charged part of dipole induced in molecule. 4. Dispersion forces: These forces are also known as an induced dipole-induced dipole. Such forces are present between various atoms and molecules. These are observed generally in non-polar molecules, halogens, and noble gases.

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Chapter 4, Problem 14CTQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: Whether a dotted line that is marked with X is hydrogen bond or not should be determined.

Concept introduction: Intermolecular forces are types of forces that are responsible to hold atoms together in a molecule. There are various types of intermolecular forces as follows:

1. Hydrogen bonding:

As is evident from its name, these types of forces exist if hydrogen is present. Such forces are present when hydrogen atom bonds with highly electronegative elements like N , O and F . It is of two types: intramolecular and intermolecular. HF forms hydrogen bonding with water.

2. Ion-dipole forces:

This force exists between ion and molecules with dipole moment in them. Attraction exists between ion and oppositely charged end of the dipole.

3. Ion-induced dipole forces:

When an ion approaches a non-polar molecule, it induces temporary dipole in it. Ion gets attracted to oppositely charged part of dipole induced in molecule.

4. Dispersion forces:

These forces are also known as an induced dipole-induced dipole. Such forces are present between various atoms and molecules. These are observed generally in non-polar molecules, halogens, and noble gases.

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