Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780618974122
Author: Andrei Straumanis
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 4, Problem 22CTQ
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Hydrogen that can be donated in each strong acid in below table should be encircled.
Concept introduction: According to Bronsted-Lowry concept, substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by addition of protons to base. Strong acid is substance that donates protons or
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I had gotten this one incorrect, but i wanted to use it to study, so please give me the solution to all parts of this question.
4. (10 points) a) Place the following compounds in order of INCREASING acidity.
A)
OH
B)
NO2
LOH
OH
LOH
C)
D)
O₂N
b) For the most acidic compound in part a), draw the additional resonance structure that indicates extra
stabilization of the anion, leading to the increase in acidity.
Help!
a.) Draw all the important resonance contributors for the structure shown
below. Use curved arrows to show the movement of electrons between these contributors.
b.) Draw the hybrid resonance hybrid structure.
Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 4 - Figure 4.1 is a cartoon depiction of liquid water...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 4 - In HF , neither H nor F holds a full formal charge...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 7CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 4 - Within any one section of Table 4.2, boiling...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10CTQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 12CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 13CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 14CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 15CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 16CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 17CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 18CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 19CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 20CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 21CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 22CTQCh. 4 - (E) Label each of the following as strong acid,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 24CTQCh. 4 - Draw the structure of the conjugate base of water....Ch. 4 - Does Cl have a conjugate acid? If so, what is it?...Ch. 4 - Draw the conjugate base of CH4 (methane).Ch. 4 - For the previous four questions, label each...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29CTQCh. 4 - According to the conventions above, what is the...Ch. 4 - Draw an arrow on Figure 4.13 representing Hrxn4 ....Ch. 4 - Prob. 32CTQCh. 4 - Add a + or above each curved arrow in Figure 4.11...Ch. 4 - Prob. 34CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 35CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 36CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 37CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 38CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 39CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 40CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 41CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 42CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 43CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 44CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 45CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 46CTQCh. 4 - For NH3 (ammonia) and H2O (water)... a. Use curved...Ch. 4 - Prob. 48CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 49CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 50CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 51CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 52CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 53CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - Prob. 2ECh. 4 - Prob. 3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4ECh. 4 - Prob. 5ECh. 4 - Prob. 6ECh. 4 - Prob. 7ECh. 4 - Prob. 8ECh. 4 - Propanal (bp 48°C) and propanol (bp 97°C), both...Ch. 4 - Rank the following molecules from lowest to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12ECh. 4 - For each molecule below, draw the conjugate acid...Ch. 4 - For each structure you drew in the answer to the...Ch. 4 - Mark each of the following statements True or...Ch. 4 - Organic chemistry is a bit like cooking. Later in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4 - Prob. 18ECh. 4 - Are endothermic reactions favorable or...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20ECh. 4 - Is bond formation endothermic or exothermic? Write...Ch. 4 - Summarize the relationship between pKa and acid...Ch. 4 - Summarize the relationship between pKa and base...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4 - Consider the following bases: a. For each base...Ch. 4 - Prob. 27ECh. 4 - The following are equivalent ways of asking about...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29E
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- Consider the following bases: a. For each base above, circle the atom/atoms with the highest PE (will release the most P.E.when a lone pair on this atom combines with an H+ ) b. Rank the bases 1 (highest P.E./strongest base) to 7 (lowest PE/weakest base), and explainyour reasoning.arrow_forwardFor NH3 (ammonia) and H2O (water)... a. Use curved arrows to show the most likely acid-base reaction, and draw the resultingproducts. (Hint: First decide which is the stronger acid, and which is the stronger base.) b. Mark each curved arrow with a positive (bond-breaking) or negative (bond-forming) numberindicating the energy change associated with that arrow (in pKa units). c. Calculate Hrxn and write this number above a set of reaction arrows that indicate whichdirection is downhill/favorable (in the example, the reaction is downhill to the right). d. Sketch an energy diagram for the reaction. e. Is your energy diagram consistent with the fact that, in this case, the most likely acid-basereaction is endothermic?arrow_forward2. Use curved arrows to show electron movement in the reactant side and draw the product/s of the Lewis acid-base (nucleophile-electrophile) reaction. Label the nucleophile and the electrophile. Draw in all lone pairs and charges where appropriate. Iarrow_forward
- A. Determine whether the curved arrow(s) shown below generate a valid or invalid resonance structure. Draw the resonance structure that would result from each properly drawn arrow and identify the arrow pushing pattern (i.e. allylic positive charge, allylic lone pair, pi bond between atoms of a different electronegativity, lone pair adjacent to a positive charge, alternating pi bonds in a ring.arrow_forwardFor 1 and 2, use curved arrows to illustrate the potential overall electron movements or bond changes, and identify the type of reaction by examining the overall chemical transformation. Show A-H bonds as needed.arrow_forwardPlease can you help we with these three. Also the reason I put three is because they all go together as one question.arrow_forward
- of your choice based on the given instructions. A if both statements are true B if the 1st statement is false and the 2nd statement is true C if the 1st statement is true and the 2nd statement is false D if both statements are falsearrow_forwardDon't use hand raiting answer please and ( current answer please)arrow_forwarda. Which of the following has a greater electronegativity? (circle one) Carbon / Cesium b. Explain why you chose your answer in Za.arrow_forward
- 1. Draw the best possible resonance contributor. Draw curved arrows to show electron movement.arrow_forward(a) Draw all valid resonance contributors for this iIon. Show how the electrons can be moved using curved arrOWs. (b) Draw the resonance hybrid.arrow_forwardComplete the generic mechanism for an electrophilic aromatic substitution (EAS) reaction using E as the electrophile, and show- how the sigma complex is resonance stabilized. Use curved arrows to show the mechanism and the conversion between resonance structures. Make sure to add any missing charges. Note the use of a generic base (B) in the last step. Then, label the reaction coordinate diagram for a typical EAS reaction by correctly placing the structures on the diagram. Step 1: add a curved arrow. H H H H H E slowarrow_forward
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