
Concept explainers
a)
Interpretation: Conjugate base for each below acid should be determined. Also, rank of conjugate bases from strongest to weakest P.E. should be determined.
Concept introduction: According to the Bronsted-Lowry concept, a substance that donates proton is termed as acid while that accepts or gains protons is called a base. Species formed after loss of protons from acids are known as their respective conjugate bases whereas conjugate acid is produced by the addition of protons to base. The strength of conjugate acids and conjugate bases are inversely related to strengths of their respective bases and acids.
According to Lewis's concept, a substance that donates electron pair is termed as a base while that accepts or gains electron pair is called acid. For example,
According to the Arrhenius concept, substances that donate hydrogen ions in solutions are known as acids while bases are substances that release hydroxide ions in solutions.
b)
Interpretation: Type of orbital that has a lone pair of electrons in the below conjugate base should be drawn.
Concept introduction: Hybridization is processed to intermix atomic orbitals in order to form new hybrid orbitals. It can be determined by the calculation of the number of hybrid orbitals
Type of hybridization that corresponds to the different number of hybrid orbitals is described in the following table:
c)
Interpretation: Percent
Concept introduction: Hybridization is processed to intermix atomic orbitals in order to form new hybrid orbitals. It can be determined by the calculation of the number of hybrid orbitals
Type of hybridization that corresponds to a different number of hybrid orbitals is described in the following table:
d)
Interpretation: Whether
Concept introduction: Orbitals are defined as regions around atomic nucleus where electrons are found. Atomic orbitals help to form covalent bonds. Atomic orbitals can be
e)
Interpretation: Reason for pattern in
Concept introduction:

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Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
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- Organic Chemistry: A Guided InquiryChemistryISBN:9780618974122Author:Andrei StraumanisPublisher:Cengage Learning
