Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9780618974122
Author: Andrei Straumanis
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Question
Chapter 4, Problem 1E
a)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Whether
Concept introduction: Solids have regular arrangement of their constituent particles as compared to that in liquids. Intermolecular forces in solids are stronger than that in liquids.
b)
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Whether answer to previous question is consistent or not with fact that ice floats in water should be determined.
Concept introduction: Quantity defined as ratio of mass per unit volume of substance is called density of substance. It is represented by
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If you have ever had gum stuck in your hair (or known a person or a pet with gum stuck in their hair), you may have tried to wash the hair with water in an attempt to remove the gum. However, trying to wash the gum out with water was probably not a very effective method.
a. The molecules in gum are non-polar. What type(s) of intermolecular forces are present in non-polar substances (like gum)?
b. What type(s) of intermolecular forces are present in liquid water?
c. Explain why water does not work effectively to remove gum.
d. Some people suggest using peanut butter to remove the gum from hair. Peanut butter mainly consists of unsaturated fats; an example chemical structure of an unsaturated fatty acid is shown below. Explain why peanut butter is a good option or a bad option to remove the gum (from a chemistry perspective).
Please answer all parts of question.
Ice floats because of the electronegativity of oxygen that withdraws electron density from the covalently bonded hydrogens. This
results in a permanent dipole, leaving a partial positive charge on the hydrogens. The extra electron density on the oxygen leaves
a partial negative charge. Therefore, water is a polar molecule and has the ability to form hydrogen bonds. These properties
explain many of water's characteristics, including why ice is less dense than liquid water.
Sort the following images into phases of water.
1.
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Image 1
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State of water that is most dense
Molecules with lowest kinetic energy
Phase of water present at highest temperature
K
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2Which question can the latent heat of solidification most directly answer?
A.How much heat is released into the environment when 1 kg of the substance freezes?
B.At what temperature will the substance change from a liquid into a solid?
c.How much energy must be removed to lower the temperature of the liquid substance while it freezes?
d.How much pressure does it take to lower the freezing point of the substance by 1 °C?
Chapter 4 Solutions
Organic Chemistry: A Guided Inquiry
Ch. 4 - Prob. 1CTQCh. 4 - Figure 4.1 is a cartoon depiction of liquid water...Ch. 4 - Prob. 3CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 4CTQCh. 4 - In HF , neither H nor F holds a full formal charge...Ch. 4 - Prob. 6CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 7CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 8CTQCh. 4 - Within any one section of Table 4.2, boiling...Ch. 4 - Prob. 10CTQ
Ch. 4 - Prob. 11CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 12CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 13CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 14CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 15CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 16CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 17CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 18CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 19CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 20CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 21CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 22CTQCh. 4 - (E) Label each of the following as strong acid,...Ch. 4 - Prob. 24CTQCh. 4 - Draw the structure of the conjugate base of water....Ch. 4 - Does Cl have a conjugate acid? If so, what is it?...Ch. 4 - Draw the conjugate base of CH4 (methane).Ch. 4 - For the previous four questions, label each...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29CTQCh. 4 - According to the conventions above, what is the...Ch. 4 - Draw an arrow on Figure 4.13 representing Hrxn4 ....Ch. 4 - Prob. 32CTQCh. 4 - Add a + or above each curved arrow in Figure 4.11...Ch. 4 - Prob. 34CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 35CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 36CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 37CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 38CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 39CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 40CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 41CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 42CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 43CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 44CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 45CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 46CTQCh. 4 - For NH3 (ammonia) and H2O (water)... a. Use curved...Ch. 4 - Prob. 48CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 49CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 50CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 51CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 52CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 53CTQCh. 4 - Prob. 1ECh. 4 - Prob. 2ECh. 4 - Prob. 3ECh. 4 - Prob. 4ECh. 4 - Prob. 5ECh. 4 - Prob. 6ECh. 4 - Prob. 7ECh. 4 - Prob. 8ECh. 4 - Propanal (bp 48°C) and propanol (bp 97°C), both...Ch. 4 - Rank the following molecules from lowest to...Ch. 4 - Prob. 12ECh. 4 - For each molecule below, draw the conjugate acid...Ch. 4 - For each structure you drew in the answer to the...Ch. 4 - Mark each of the following statements True or...Ch. 4 - Organic chemistry is a bit like cooking. Later in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 17ECh. 4 - Prob. 18ECh. 4 - Are endothermic reactions favorable or...Ch. 4 - Prob. 20ECh. 4 - Is bond formation endothermic or exothermic? Write...Ch. 4 - Summarize the relationship between pKa and acid...Ch. 4 - Summarize the relationship between pKa and base...Ch. 4 - Prob. 25ECh. 4 - Consider the following bases: a. For each base...Ch. 4 - Prob. 27ECh. 4 - The following are equivalent ways of asking about...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29E
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, chemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- What is the important consequence of ice havinv a lower density than liquid water?a. The presence of ice will increase the boiling point of water.b. The deeper portion of the ocean will be frozen while the upper portion remains liquid.c. Fishes can thrive in oceans and lakes.d. Ice will float on your favorite soda drink.What is the important consequence of ice having a lower density than liquid water?a. The presence of ice will increase the boiling point of water.b. The deeper portion of the ocean will be frozen while the upper portion remains liquid.c. Fishes can thrive in oceans and lakes.d. Ice will float on your favorite soda drink.arrow_forwardTopic: Phase Changes and Phase Diagramsarrow_forwardAside from London dispersion forces, which substance do you expect dipole interactions to be effective?arrow_forward
- 4. CH4 and CCl4 reach its melting points of similar non-polar compounds. This interaction is Dipole-dipole b. Dispersion Which of the following statement is TRUE? CH4 is polar: dispersion forces. b. HBr is a non-polar molecule: dipole-dipole forces and there are also dispersion forces between HBr a. Ion-dipole d. Intermolecular C. 5. a. molecules. SO2 is a non-polar molecule: dipole-dipole forces where there are also dispersion forces between SO2 molecules. C. d. The hydrogen bond is a special dipole-dipole interaction between the hydrogen atom in a polar N-H, O-H, or F-H bond and an electronegative O, N, or F atom. Which of the following can form a hydrogen bond in water? CH;OCH3 b. CH4 6. a. C. Na" d. НСООНarrow_forward35. Which substance would be predicted to be more soluble in water? BF3 C6H14 a. b. NCI3 CCI4 с. d.arrow_forward11.Why do water molecules tend to stick to each other to form a liquid? A.Because of their bent shape, the oxygen nucleus of one molecule is unshielded and can attract the hydrogen nucleus of another. B.The exposed charge on hydrogen's protons are attracted to unshared electron pairs on oxygen atoms. C.The hydrogen atoms form negative ions that can make ionic bonds with oxygen. D.Water molecules can share electrons with neighboring molecules forming strong covalent bonds.arrow_forward
- 22. The dipole-dipole interactions experienced when H is bonded to N, O, or F are unusually strong. We call these interactions Covalent bonds Polar bonds d. Weak bond a. C. b. Hydrogen bonds. 23. What is the correct chemical formula of water? a. НО b. HO с. Н20 d. 2HO 24. How many molecules of water make up a one raindrop? a. Tens C. Thousands b. Hundreds d. Millionsarrow_forwardPlease do surface tension, polar molecules, shape structure and transparentarrow_forwardplease help and explain asap!!arrow_forward
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