Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073398181
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Afshin J. Ghajar
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Textbook Question
Chapter 4, Problem 52P
Layers of 23-cm-thick meat slabs
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Layers of 23 cm-thick meat slabs ( k = 0.47 W/m*C and a=0.13*10 m/s) initially at a uniform temperature of 7 C are to be frozen by refrigerated air at -30 C flowing at a velocity of 1.4 m/s. the average heat transfer coefficient between the meat and the air is 20 W/m*C. Assuming the size of meat slabs to be large relative to their thickness, determine how long it will take for the center temperature of the slabs to drop to -18 C, Also, determine the surface temperature of the meat slab at that time
A 65 kg beef carcass (k-0.47 w/mk and a-0.13 x10-6 m/s) initially at a uniform temperature of 37 "C is to be cooled by refrigerated
air at -10 oC flowing at a velocity of 1.2 ms. The average heat transfer coefficient between the carcass and the air is 22 W/m²K. Treating the
carcass as a cylinder of diameter 24 cm and the height 1.4 m and disregarding heat transfer from the base and top surfaces,
Determine how long it will take for the centre temperature of the carcass to drop to 4 °C
b. Also, determine if any part of the carcass will freeze during this process
Hava- air
-10 °C
12m/s
Sider E
Beef
JTC
4- Carbon steel balls 8 mm in diameter are annealed by heating them first to 900°C in a
furnace and then allowing them to cool slowly to 100°C in ambient air at 35°C. If the
average heat transfer coefficient is 75 W/m -°C, determine how long the annealing process
will take. If 2500 balls are to be annealed per hour
Given:
Carbon steel [k = 54 W/m.°C, p = 7833 kg/m, and C,= 0.465 kJ/kg. °C. and a= 1.474x 10* m²/s]
Air, 35°C
Fumace
Steel ball 100°C
900°C
Chapter 4 Solutions
Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 4 - What is the physical significance of the Biot...Ch. 4 - What is lumped system analysis? When is it...Ch. 4 - In what medium is the lumped system analysis more...Ch. 4 - For which solid is the lumped system analysis more...Ch. 4 - For which kinds of bodies made of the same...Ch. 4 - Consider heat transfer between two identical hot...Ch. 4 - Consider heat transfer between two identical hot...Ch. 4 - Consider a hot baked potato on a plate. The...Ch. 4 - Consider a potato being baked in an oven that is...Ch. 4 - Consider two identical 4-kg pieces of roast beef....
Ch. 4 - Consider a sphere and a cylinder of equal volume...Ch. 4 - Obtain relations for the characteristic lengths of...Ch. 4 - Obtain a relation for the time required for a...Ch. 4 - A brick of 20310257mm in dimension is being burned...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15PCh. 4 - Prob. 16PCh. 4 - Metal plates...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18PCh. 4 - Prob. 19PCh. 4 - A 6-mm-thick stainless steel strip...Ch. 4 - After heat treatment, the 2-cm-thick metal plates...Ch. 4 - A long copper rod of diameter 2.0 cm is initially...Ch. 4 - Prob. 23PCh. 4 - Steel rods...Ch. 4 - To warm up some milk for a baby, a mother pours...Ch. 4 - A person is found dead at 5 p.m. in a room whose...Ch. 4 - Prob. 27PCh. 4 - In an experiment, the temperature of a hot gas...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29PCh. 4 - Pulverized coal particles are used in oxy-fuel...Ch. 4 - Oxy-fuel combustion power plants use pulverized...Ch. 4 - Plasma spraying is a process used for coating a...Ch. 4 - Consider a spherical shell satellite with outer...Ch. 4 - Prob. 34PCh. 4 - Prob. 35PCh. 4 - Prob. 36EPCh. 4 - Consider a sphere of diameter 5 cm, a cube of side...Ch. 4 - Prob. 38PCh. 4 - An egg is to be cooked to a certain level of...Ch. 4 - What is an infinitely long cylinder? When is it...Ch. 4 - What is the physical significance of the Fourier...Ch. 4 - Prob. 42CPCh. 4 - Prob. 43CPCh. 4 - Prob. 44CPCh. 4 - The Biot number during a heat transfer process...Ch. 4 - A body at an initial temperature of Ti, is brought...Ch. 4 - Prob. 47PCh. 4 - In a meat processing plant, 2-cm-thick steaks...Ch. 4 - Prob. 49PCh. 4 - Prob. 50PCh. 4 - Prob. 51PCh. 4 - Layers of 23-cm-thick meat slabs...Ch. 4 - Prob. 53PCh. 4 - Prob. 54PCh. 4 - Prob. 55EPCh. 4 - Prob. 56PCh. 4 - Prob. 57EPCh. 4 - Prob. 58PCh. 4 - A 30-cm-diameter, 4-m-high cylindrical column of a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 60PCh. 4 - Prob. 61PCh. 4 - Prob. 62PCh. 4 - Prob. 63PCh. 4 - Prob. 64PCh. 4 - Prob. 65PCh. 4 - Prob. 66PCh. 4 - Prob. 67PCh. 4 - Prob. 68PCh. 4 - Prob. 69PCh. 4 - For heat transfer purposes, an egg can be...Ch. 4 - Citrus fruits are very susceptible to cold...Ch. 4 - Prob. 72PCh. 4 - Prob. 73PCh. 4 - A 9-cm-diameter potato...Ch. 4 - Chickens with an average mass of 1.7 kg...Ch. 4 - Prob. 76PCh. 4 - In Betty Crocker s Cookbook, it is stated that it...Ch. 4 - Prob. 78PCh. 4 - Prob. 79PCh. 4 - Oranges of 2.5-in-diameter...Ch. 4 - Prob. 81EPCh. 4 - Under what conditions can a plane wall be treated...Ch. 4 - What is a semi-infinite medium? Give examples of...Ch. 4 - Consider a hot semi-infinite solid at an initial...Ch. 4 - Prob. 85EPCh. 4 - Prob. 86PCh. 4 - In areas where the air temperature remains below...Ch. 4 - Prob. 88PCh. 4 - A highway made of asphalt is initially at a...Ch. 4 - A thick aluminum block initially at 20C is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 91PCh. 4 - A thick wall made of refractory bricks...Ch. 4 - Prob. 93PCh. 4 - Prob. 94PCh. 4 - A thick wood slab (k=0.17W/m.K,=1.2810-7m2/s) and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 96PCh. 4 - Prob. 97PCh. 4 - Prob. 98PCh. 4 - Prob. 99PCh. 4 - Prob. 100PCh. 4 - Prob. 101PCh. 4 - A barefooted person whose feet are at 32C steps on...Ch. 4 - What is the product solution method? How is it...Ch. 4 - How is the product solution used to determine the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 105CPCh. 4 - Consider a short cylinder whose top and bottom...Ch. 4 - Prob. 107PCh. 4 - Prob. 108PCh. 4 - A hot dog can be considered to be a cylinder 5 in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 110PCh. 4 - Prob. 111PCh. 4 - A 2-cm-high cylindrical ice block...Ch. 4 - Prob. 113PCh. 4 - Prob. 114PCh. 4 - Prob. 115PCh. 4 - Prob. 116PCh. 4 - Prob. 117PCh. 4 - Prob. 118PCh. 4 - Prob. 119CPCh. 4 - How does refrigeration prevent or delay the...Ch. 4 - What are the environmental factors that affect the...Ch. 4 - What is the effect of cooking on the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 123CPCh. 4 - Prob. 124CPCh. 4 - Prob. 125CPCh. 4 - Prob. 126CPCh. 4 - How does the rate of freezing affect the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 128CPCh. 4 - Prob. 129CPCh. 4 - Prob. 130CPCh. 4 - Prob. 131CPCh. 4 - Prob. 132CPCh. 4 - Prob. 133PCh. 4 - Prob. 134PCh. 4 - Chickens with an average mass of 2.2 kg and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 136EPCh. 4 - Prob. 137PCh. 4 - Prob. 138PCh. 4 - A long roll of 2-m-wide and 0.5-cm-thick 1-Mn...Ch. 4 - Prob. 140PCh. 4 - Prob. 141PCh. 4 - Prob. 142PCh. 4 - During a picnic on a hot summer day, the only...Ch. 4 - Two metal rods are being heated in an oven with...Ch. 4 - Stainless steel ball bearings...Ch. 4 - Prob. 146PCh. 4 - Prob. 147PCh. 4 - In Betty crockers Cookbook, it is stated that it...Ch. 4 - A watermelon initially at 35C is to be cooled by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 150PCh. 4 - Prob. 151PCh. 4 - Prob. 152PCh. 4 - Prob. 153PCh. 4 - Prob. 154PCh. 4 - Prob. 155PCh. 4 - Prob. 156PCh. 4 - Prob. 157PCh. 4 - Prob. 158PCh. 4 - Prob. 159PCh. 4 - Lumped system analysis of transient heat...Ch. 4 - Prob. 161PCh. 4 - Prob. 162PCh. 4 - An 18-cm-long, 16-cm-wide, and 12-cm-high hot iron...Ch. 4 - Prob. 164PCh. 4 - Prob. 165PCh. 4 - Prob. 166PCh. 4 - Prob. 167PCh. 4 - Prob. 168PCh. 4 - A long 18-cm-diameter bar made of hardwood...Ch. 4 - Consider a 7.6-cm-long and 3-cm-diameter...Ch. 4 - Consider a 7.6-cm-diameter cylindrical lamb meat...Ch. 4 - Prob. 172PCh. 4 - A small chicken (k=0.45W/m.K,=0.1510-6m2/s) and...Ch. 4 - A potato may be approximated as a 5.7-cm-diameter...Ch. 4 - When water, as in a pond or lake, is heated by...Ch. 4 - A large chunk of tissue at 35C with a thermal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 177PCh. 4 - Citrus trees are very susceptible to cold weather,...
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- A hot dog can be considered to be a 12 cm long cylinder, whose diameter is 2 cm and whose properties are p = 980 kg/m3, cp = 3.9 kJ/kg · K, k =1.25 W/m · K, and a = 2 × 10–7 m2 /s. Consider a hot dog initially at 5 C which is dropped into boiling water at 100 C. The heat transfer coefficient at the surface of the hot dog is estimated to be 500 W/m2 · K and the hot dog can be considered to be cooked when its center temperature reaches 90 C.arrow_forwardA short brass cylinder (p = 8530 kg/m³, cp=0.389 kJ/kg-K, k=110 W/m-K, and a = 3.39×10−5 m²/s) of diameter 4 cm and height 20 cm is initially at a uniform temperature of 140°C. The cylinder is now placed in atmospheric air at 20°C, where heat transfer takes place from the cylinder 15 min after the start of the cooling by convection with a heat transfer coefficient of 40 W/m2.K. Solve this problem using the analytical one-term approximation method. Interpolate table 4-2 to obtain constants ₁ and A₁. For Biot number values less than 0.01 approximate it as 0.01 for use in Table 4-2. NOTE: This is a multi-part question. Once an answer is submitted, you will be unable to return to this part. 20 cm Brass cylinder 4 cm TiºC Ambient air 20°C Calculate the center temperature of the top surface of the cylinder. The center temperature of the top surface of the cylinder is 61 °C.arrow_forwardIn a production facility, 3-cm-thick large brass plates(k = 110 W/m·K, r = 8530 kg/m3, cp = 380 J/kg·K, and a =33.9 * 1026 m2/s) that are initially at a uniform temperatureof 25°C are heated by passing them through an oven maintainedat 700°C. The plates remain in the oven for a period of10 min. Taking the convection heat transfer coefficient to beh 5 80 W/m2·K, determine the surface temperature of theplates when they come out of the oven. Solve this problemusing analytical one-term approximation method (not theHeisler charts). Can this problem be solved using lumpedsystem analysis? Justify your answer.arrow_forward
- water 4-26 Steel rods (p = 7832 kg/m³, c, = 434 J/kg-K, and k = 63.9 W/m-K) are heated in a furnace to 850°C and then quenched in a bath at 50°C for a period of 40 s as part of a hardening process. The convection heat transfer coefficient is 650 W/m²K. If the steel rods have diameter of 40 mm and length of 2 m, determine their average temperature when they are taken out of the water bath.arrow_forward1. In a meat processing plant, 2 cm-diameter spherical meat balls (k=0.45 W/m-K and a=0.91×10-7 m²/s) that are initially at 25 °C are to be cooled by passing them through a refrigeration room at -10 °C. The heat transfer coefficient in the cold room is 9 W/m²-K. If surface of the meat balls is to be cooled to 3 °C, determine how long the meat balls should be kept in the refrigeration room. What will be the center temperature of the meat balls at the end of the process?arrow_forwardA pipe in a manufacturing plant is transporting superheated vapor at a mass flow rate of 0.3 kg/s. The pipe is 10 m long and has an inner diameter of 5 cm and a wall thickness of 6 mm. The pipe has a thermal conductivity of 17 W/m·K, and the inner pipe surface is at a uniform temperature of 120°C. The temperature drop between the inlet and exit of the pipe is 7°C, and the constant pressure specific heat of vapor is 2190 J/kg·°C. If the air temperature in the manufacturing plant is 25°C, determine the heat transfer coefficient as a result of convection between the outer pipe surface and the surrounding air.arrow_forward
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