Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780073398181
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Afshin J. Ghajar
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 4, Problem 123CP
To determine
The prevention of contamination of foods with microorganisms. The retardation of the growth of the microorganisms. The destruction of microorganisms in foods.
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Chapter 4 Solutions
Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications
Ch. 4 - What is the physical significance of the Biot...Ch. 4 - What is lumped system analysis? When is it...Ch. 4 - In what medium is the lumped system analysis more...Ch. 4 - For which solid is the lumped system analysis more...Ch. 4 - For which kinds of bodies made of the same...Ch. 4 - Consider heat transfer between two identical hot...Ch. 4 - Consider heat transfer between two identical hot...Ch. 4 - Consider a hot baked potato on a plate. The...Ch. 4 - Consider a potato being baked in an oven that is...Ch. 4 - Consider two identical 4-kg pieces of roast beef....
Ch. 4 - Consider a sphere and a cylinder of equal volume...Ch. 4 - Obtain relations for the characteristic lengths of...Ch. 4 - Obtain a relation for the time required for a...Ch. 4 - A brick of 20310257mm in dimension is being burned...Ch. 4 - Prob. 15PCh. 4 - Prob. 16PCh. 4 - Metal plates...Ch. 4 - Prob. 18PCh. 4 - Prob. 19PCh. 4 - A 6-mm-thick stainless steel strip...Ch. 4 - After heat treatment, the 2-cm-thick metal plates...Ch. 4 - A long copper rod of diameter 2.0 cm is initially...Ch. 4 - Prob. 23PCh. 4 - Steel rods...Ch. 4 - To warm up some milk for a baby, a mother pours...Ch. 4 - A person is found dead at 5 p.m. in a room whose...Ch. 4 - Prob. 27PCh. 4 - In an experiment, the temperature of a hot gas...Ch. 4 - Prob. 29PCh. 4 - Pulverized coal particles are used in oxy-fuel...Ch. 4 - Oxy-fuel combustion power plants use pulverized...Ch. 4 - Plasma spraying is a process used for coating a...Ch. 4 - Consider a spherical shell satellite with outer...Ch. 4 - Prob. 34PCh. 4 - Prob. 35PCh. 4 - Prob. 36EPCh. 4 - Consider a sphere of diameter 5 cm, a cube of side...Ch. 4 - Prob. 38PCh. 4 - An egg is to be cooked to a certain level of...Ch. 4 - What is an infinitely long cylinder? When is it...Ch. 4 - What is the physical significance of the Fourier...Ch. 4 - Prob. 42CPCh. 4 - Prob. 43CPCh. 4 - Prob. 44CPCh. 4 - The Biot number during a heat transfer process...Ch. 4 - A body at an initial temperature of Ti, is brought...Ch. 4 - Prob. 47PCh. 4 - In a meat processing plant, 2-cm-thick steaks...Ch. 4 - Prob. 49PCh. 4 - Prob. 50PCh. 4 - Prob. 51PCh. 4 - Layers of 23-cm-thick meat slabs...Ch. 4 - Prob. 53PCh. 4 - Prob. 54PCh. 4 - Prob. 55EPCh. 4 - Prob. 56PCh. 4 - Prob. 57EPCh. 4 - Prob. 58PCh. 4 - A 30-cm-diameter, 4-m-high cylindrical column of a...Ch. 4 - Prob. 60PCh. 4 - Prob. 61PCh. 4 - Prob. 62PCh. 4 - Prob. 63PCh. 4 - Prob. 64PCh. 4 - Prob. 65PCh. 4 - Prob. 66PCh. 4 - Prob. 67PCh. 4 - Prob. 68PCh. 4 - Prob. 69PCh. 4 - For heat transfer purposes, an egg can be...Ch. 4 - Citrus fruits are very susceptible to cold...Ch. 4 - Prob. 72PCh. 4 - Prob. 73PCh. 4 - A 9-cm-diameter potato...Ch. 4 - Chickens with an average mass of 1.7 kg...Ch. 4 - Prob. 76PCh. 4 - In Betty Crocker s Cookbook, it is stated that it...Ch. 4 - Prob. 78PCh. 4 - Prob. 79PCh. 4 - Oranges of 2.5-in-diameter...Ch. 4 - Prob. 81EPCh. 4 - Under what conditions can a plane wall be treated...Ch. 4 - What is a semi-infinite medium? Give examples of...Ch. 4 - Consider a hot semi-infinite solid at an initial...Ch. 4 - Prob. 85EPCh. 4 - Prob. 86PCh. 4 - In areas where the air temperature remains below...Ch. 4 - Prob. 88PCh. 4 - A highway made of asphalt is initially at a...Ch. 4 - A thick aluminum block initially at 20C is...Ch. 4 - Prob. 91PCh. 4 - A thick wall made of refractory bricks...Ch. 4 - Prob. 93PCh. 4 - Prob. 94PCh. 4 - A thick wood slab (k=0.17W/m.K,=1.2810-7m2/s) and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 96PCh. 4 - Prob. 97PCh. 4 - Prob. 98PCh. 4 - Prob. 99PCh. 4 - Prob. 100PCh. 4 - Prob. 101PCh. 4 - A barefooted person whose feet are at 32C steps on...Ch. 4 - What is the product solution method? How is it...Ch. 4 - How is the product solution used to determine the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 105CPCh. 4 - Consider a short cylinder whose top and bottom...Ch. 4 - Prob. 107PCh. 4 - Prob. 108PCh. 4 - A hot dog can be considered to be a cylinder 5 in...Ch. 4 - Prob. 110PCh. 4 - Prob. 111PCh. 4 - A 2-cm-high cylindrical ice block...Ch. 4 - Prob. 113PCh. 4 - Prob. 114PCh. 4 - Prob. 115PCh. 4 - Prob. 116PCh. 4 - Prob. 117PCh. 4 - Prob. 118PCh. 4 - Prob. 119CPCh. 4 - How does refrigeration prevent or delay the...Ch. 4 - What are the environmental factors that affect the...Ch. 4 - What is the effect of cooking on the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 123CPCh. 4 - Prob. 124CPCh. 4 - Prob. 125CPCh. 4 - Prob. 126CPCh. 4 - How does the rate of freezing affect the...Ch. 4 - Prob. 128CPCh. 4 - Prob. 129CPCh. 4 - Prob. 130CPCh. 4 - Prob. 131CPCh. 4 - Prob. 132CPCh. 4 - Prob. 133PCh. 4 - Prob. 134PCh. 4 - Chickens with an average mass of 2.2 kg and...Ch. 4 - Prob. 136EPCh. 4 - Prob. 137PCh. 4 - Prob. 138PCh. 4 - A long roll of 2-m-wide and 0.5-cm-thick 1-Mn...Ch. 4 - Prob. 140PCh. 4 - Prob. 141PCh. 4 - Prob. 142PCh. 4 - During a picnic on a hot summer day, the only...Ch. 4 - Two metal rods are being heated in an oven with...Ch. 4 - Stainless steel ball bearings...Ch. 4 - Prob. 146PCh. 4 - Prob. 147PCh. 4 - In Betty crockers Cookbook, it is stated that it...Ch. 4 - A watermelon initially at 35C is to be cooled by...Ch. 4 - Prob. 150PCh. 4 - Prob. 151PCh. 4 - Prob. 152PCh. 4 - Prob. 153PCh. 4 - Prob. 154PCh. 4 - Prob. 155PCh. 4 - Prob. 156PCh. 4 - Prob. 157PCh. 4 - Prob. 158PCh. 4 - Prob. 159PCh. 4 - Lumped system analysis of transient heat...Ch. 4 - Prob. 161PCh. 4 - Prob. 162PCh. 4 - An 18-cm-long, 16-cm-wide, and 12-cm-high hot iron...Ch. 4 - Prob. 164PCh. 4 - Prob. 165PCh. 4 - Prob. 166PCh. 4 - Prob. 167PCh. 4 - Prob. 168PCh. 4 - A long 18-cm-diameter bar made of hardwood...Ch. 4 - Consider a 7.6-cm-long and 3-cm-diameter...Ch. 4 - Consider a 7.6-cm-diameter cylindrical lamb meat...Ch. 4 - Prob. 172PCh. 4 - A small chicken (k=0.45W/m.K,=0.1510-6m2/s) and...Ch. 4 - A potato may be approximated as a 5.7-cm-diameter...Ch. 4 - When water, as in a pond or lake, is heated by...Ch. 4 - A large chunk of tissue at 35C with a thermal...Ch. 4 - Prob. 177PCh. 4 - Citrus trees are very susceptible to cold weather,...
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- A furnace must be built with an inner layer of refractory brick (conductivity 1.27 Kcal/h mºC). This layer must be coated with a layer of insulating brick (conductivity 0.134 Kcal/hm ºC) 22 cm thick, in turn covered with a 15 cm layer of building brick (conductivity 0.75 Kcal/ hm°C). The inner surface of the refractory wall will operate at 1150ºC and the outside at 65ºC. How many centimeters of refractory brick would be required for the insulation not to exceed 930ºC (safety limit of the material in question).arrow_forwardIn a glass plant in Cavite, a furnace has fire-brick walls made up of the following two materials in series : Non-corrosive brick as inner layer (material 1) Clay brick as outer layer (material 2) Thickness 4.5 inches 8 inches Thermal conductivity k1 k2 The temperature inside the furnace (inside wall surface of the non-corrosive brick) is found to be 1105 oF while the outside temperature (outside wall surface of clay brick) is 365 oF. This is not the desired temperature inside the furnace so engineers thought of lagging the furnace walls with another material to reduce heat loss. The additional lagging material consists of magnesia layer which is 2 inches thick and has a thermal conductivity of 0.04 Btu /h.ft.oF. During a test run on the furnace with the magnesia lagging material now, new temperature readings were recorded : Point of measurement Temperature reading Inside furnace (inside wall surface of non-corrosive brick 1355 oF Interface between…arrow_forwarda pipe with an outside diameter of 2.7 inches. insulate with a 2 inches. layer of asbestos (ka = 0.396 btu-in./hr-ft-F), followed by a layer of cork 1.5 inches. thick (kc = 0.30 btu-in/hrft-F). if the temperature of the outer surface of the cork is 91 F, calculate the heat lost per 100 ft of insulate pipe. The temp of the inner surface of the pipe is 275 F.arrow_forward
- Determine the time needed to decrease the temperature of a solid cylinder from 40 C to 35 C if the ambient temperature is equal to 31 C. The cylinder has a length equals to 0.9 m and diameter equals to 100 mm. The heat convective coefficient is equal to 1.3 W/m^2.K. The cylinder has a conductivity equals to 2 W/m.K, a density equals to 1200 kg/m^3 and its Cp is equal to 4.700 kJ/kgK. Select one: a. 83325 s O b. 10500s O c. 45360 s O d. 30050 sarrow_forwardösly äbä With rise in temperature , the conductivity of the metals depending on temperature remains constant decreases Increases نقطة واحدة When heat is transferred from hot body to cold body, in a straight line, without affecting the intervening medium, it is referred as heat transfer by conduction and convection radiation conduction convection نقطة واحدة Thermal diffusivity of a : substance isarrow_forwardDetermine the time needed to decrease the temperature of a solid cylinder from 40 C to 35 C if the ambient temperature is equal to 31 C. The cylinder has a length equals to 0.9 m and diameter equals to 100 mm. The heat convective coefficient is equal to 9 W/m^2.K. The cylinder has a conductivity equals to 2 W/m.K, a density equals to 1200 kg/m^3 and its Cp is equal to 4.700 kJ/kgK.arrow_forward
- When we take a shower with hot water, once we stop receiving water we experience a greater sensation of cold than if we had showered with cold water. Investigate and make an argument based on the concepts studied in physics (especially temperature and heat) and support your arguments with a development of equations or mathematical relationships that demonstrate your answer.arrow_forwardA glass container has a total wall area (including the lid) of 1.75 m2 and a wall thickness of 1.5 cm. It's filled with 1000 g of ice at 0 C. How many seconds will it take to completely melt all the ice? (Latent heat of fusion is 80 calg and Thermal conductivity of glass is 0.8 W/m K) O 120 s 14, 400 s 2, 800 s 200 sarrow_forwardHow do convection and conduction work together to transfer heat?arrow_forward
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