Concept explainers
Interpretation:
The double-stranded DNA sequence code for metenkephalin has to be predicted.
Concept Introduction:
Base pairing in DNA: The two strands of the DNA double helix run in the opposite directions- one in 5’ to 3’ direction and other from 3’ to 5’ direction. The hydrogen bonding between two strands enhances the stability of the DNA; where the alignment of hydrophobic nitrogenous bases in the interior and hydrophilic phosphate and sugar groups on the exterior also enhance the stability. Adenine and thymine gives a pair forming two hydrogen bonds and cytosine and guanine gives rise to another pair forming three hydrogen bonds.
Codon: A sequence of three ribonucleotides in the mRNA chain that codes for a specific amino acid; also a three-
Genetic code: The sequence of nucleotides, coded in triplets (codons) in mRNA that determines the sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis.
Illustrated relationships are:
DNA informational strand: 5’ ATG CCA GTA GGC CAC TTG TCA 3’
DNA Template strand: 3’ TAC GGT CAT CCG GTG AAC AGT 5’
mRNA: 5’ AUG CCA GUA GGC CAC UUG UCA 3’
protein: Met Pro Val Gly His Leu Ser
Notice: 5’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the N-terminal amino acid, whereas the 3’ end of the mRNA strand codes for the C-terminal amino acid. Proteins are always written N-terminal to C-terminal, reading left to right.
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionChapter 26 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- Draw and label the following RNA tetranucleotide: 5’phosphoryl-A-2’O-methyl-C-U-G-3’-phosphatearrow_forwardGiven the following Wild Type and Mutated DNA sequences: 1.) Identify where the base pair change occurs (what letters changed?) 2.) For BOTH sequences, write the mRNA strands, define the codon regions (with spaces), and amino acid sequences. 3.) Describe what kind of mutation has occurred (missense, nonsense, or silent), and what effect this may have on the protein. Wild Type DNA Sequence: 3' - CCTCGTTATGTG - 5' Mutated DNA Sequence: 3' - CCTCGTTATTTG - 5'arrow_forwardWhen the amino acid sequences of insulin isolated from different organisms were determined, differences were noted. For example, alanine was substituted for threonine, serine for glycine, and valine for isoleucine at corresponding positions in the protein. List the single-base changes that could occur in codons of the genetic code to produce these amino acid changes.arrow_forward
- TRUE OR FALSE a) The structure of the purines and pyrimidines make them able to undergo keto-enol tautomerism. b) A unique 5'CCA terminal sequence is found in all tRNAs to be able to carry the correct amino acid to the ribosome.arrow_forwardDescribe the functions of the following proteins during DNA breaks and repair: (i) Ku70 (ii) Uracil DNA glycosylasearrow_forwardExplain why methotrexate inhibits the synthesis of histidine and methionine.arrow_forward
- Discuss the Pharmacokinetics of morphine sulfate using the correct sequence you have chosen in question number one.arrow_forwardWhich form of flavin adenine dinucleotide is the "reduced" form, FAD or FADH2? Explainarrow_forwardChoose a pentapeptied composed of five different amino acids. List the five amino acids. Present the messenger RNA codons for the amino acids and the sequence of the nucleotids on the DNA that was originally coded for the pentapeptide.arrow_forward
- Given the following Wild Type and Mutated DNA sequences: 1.) Identify where the base pair change occurs ( what letter changed?) 2.) For BOTH sequences, write the mRNA strands, define the codon regions and amino acid sequences. 3.) Describe what kind of mutation has occurred (missense, nonsense, or silent), and what effect this may have on the protein. Wild Type DNA Sequence: 3' - AGGCTCGCCTGT - 5' Mutated DNA Sequence: 3' - AGTCTCGCCTGT - 5'arrow_forwardLactose permease, a protein of E. coli, is composed of a single polypeptide that is 417 amino acids in length. By convention, the amino acids within a polypeptide are numbered from the aminoterminus to the carboxyl-terminus. Are the following questions about lactose permease true or false? A. Because the 64th amino acid is glycine and the 68th amino acid is aspartic acid, the codon for glycine, 64, is closer to the 3′ end of the mRNA than the codon for aspartic acid, 68. B. The mRNA that encodes lactose permease must be greater than 1241 nucleotides in length.arrow_forwardThe gene encoding the E. coli enzyme enolase begins with the sequence ATGTCCAAAATCGTA. What is the sequence of the RNA transcript specified by this part of the gene? (5') (3¹')arrow_forward
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON