Interpretation:
The full structure of the DNA dinucleotide C – T has to be drawn and 5’ and 3’ ends has to be identified.
Concept Introduction:
Composition of
Sugar: In both DNA and RNA, sugar portion is found. In DNA, the sugar is D-ribose, where at 2’hydroxyl group is absent and in RNA, the hydroxyl group is present at 2’.
Nitrogenous bases: Five types of nitrogenous bases (has unique one-letter code A, G, T, U, and C) are derived from two parent compounds called purine and pyrimidine. The purine derivatives are Adenine and Guanine are two fused nitrogen containing rings. The pyrimidine derivatives are Thymine, Cytosine, and Uracil are only one nitrogen containing six-membered ring. Adenine, Guanine, Thymine, and Cytosine are the nitrogenous bases present in DNA. Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine and Uracil are the nitrogenous bases present in RNA.
Nucleotide: (Nucleoside + phosphate)
Nucleotides are the building blocks of nuclei acids; monomers of DNA and RNA
Numbering the atoms in sugar and base rings:
In order to distinguish the atoms in the sugar of a nucleoside and atoms of a base ring, numbers without prime is used for atoms in the base ring and numbers with prime used for the atoms in the sugar ring.
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Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
- State the properties of the WatsonCrick model of DNA in the following categories: a. number of polynucleotide chains b. polarity (running in same direction or opposite directions) c. bases on interior or exterior of molecule d. sugar/phosphate on interior or exterior of molecule e. which bases pair with which f. right- or left-handed helixarrow_forwardList the pyrimidine bases, the purine bases, and the base-pairing rules for DNA.arrow_forwardDesign a pair of primers to amplify the entire length of the following 45 base pair sequence.Make each primer 14 bases long. Write the sequences of the primers in 5' to 3' order.(Hint: It will help for you to write out BOTH strands of the DNA sequence listed below.5'-GATGCCCGTTGGATAAATTGGGCGTCTAGAATCGGTCACACTTAG-3'arrow_forward
- Draw the structure of a G ∙ U base pair.arrow_forwardWhat is the term applied to the trinucleotide shown by the arrow? 5' Py U AU AGGCC G C G ACCACCUGearrow_forwardIn the DNA double-helix structure, the larger of the two grooves formed by the helical twist where certain base pairs are exposed is called the:arrow_forward
- 5' G-A-T-A-с-А-А-с-А-т-G-6-A-с-А-т-G-А-с-т3 What would be the first 3 bases in the 5' end of the complementary strand? Indicate the base sequence and the direction of synthesis of a 3-nucleotide RNA primer. Indicate the base sequence and the direction of synthesis of a 5-nucleotide Okazaki fragment (include a 3 nucleotide RNA primer, a total of 8 bases in the sequence). Assuming the presence of the complementary strand, what is the percentage composition of the polymer with respect to the A-T base pair and G-C base pair?arrow_forwardWhat is the nucleotide sequence of the complementary strand of the DNA molecule: 5’-AATGCGATCTTCAT-3’? Indicate the 5’ and 3’ ends. Follow the same format as the given sequence.arrow_forwardWrite the sequence of the complementary DNA strand that pairs with each of the following DNA base sequences:(a) TTAGCC(b) AGACATarrow_forward
- A and B (adnine, cytosine, guanine, thymine) C and D (G1, G2, G3, G4)arrow_forwardWrite the base sequence and label the 3' and 5' ends of the complementary strand for a segment of DNA with the following base sequences: 5'CGGAC3'arrow_forwardDraw a generalized nucleotide. Just put “base” instead of drawing the actual base. Label the carbons 1 through 5.arrow_forward
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