Chapter 23.4, Problem 21SSC

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The basic components of DNA and RNA are to be written.

Concept introduction:

Both DNA and RNA are made of certain components which are almost identical.

Answer to Problem 21SSC

DNA is composed of three main structures: a phosphate, a sugar molecule called deoxyribose, and four nitrogenous bases viz adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine. RNA has almost same structures, the only difference being its sugar is a ribose and instead of thymine it has uracil as a nitrogenous base.

Explanation of Solution

The primary function of DNA is to store genetic and hereditary data and replicate it at the time of cell reproduction while the primary function of RNA is the synthesis of the proteins based on the genetic data that will form the parts of a cell and coordinate the functions of the cell. The differences in the components of DNA and RNA create the difference in their properties and functions.