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Concept explainers
Interpretation:
All possible xylene isomers and their IUPAC names are to be determined.
Concept introduction:
Isomers have the same molecular formula but with different structural formula.
To write the IUPAC name of an organic compound that contain a benzene ring, the steps to follow as:
1. Number the carbon atoms present in the benzene ring such that the substituents get the lowest locant number. The carbon
2. Specify the substituent position by number the carbon atom to which the substituent is bonded.
3. If there is more substituents in the compound, then they are named according to the alphabetical order.
4: While naming the compounds two digits are separated by a comma (,) and the digit is separated from a letter by a hyphen (-).If there is more substituents, then they are named in order of alphabetical order. If the similar substituent is present more than once, then the number of substituents is indicated by prefixes di, tri, tetra, etc.
5. Generally, the base name is benzene for a benzene ring. The format to name the molecule that contains a benzene ring is as follows:
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
- What is the difference in bonding and in general molecular formula between an alkene and a cycloalkane with the same number of carbon atoms?arrow_forwardWhat is the difference in bonding and in the general molecular formula between an alkene and an alkane with the same number of carbon atoms?arrow_forwardWrite the molecular formula of each alkane.arrow_forward
- Distinguish between isomerism and resonance. Distinguish between structural and geometric isomerism. When writing the various structural isomers, the most difficult task is identifying which are different isomers and which are identical to a previously written structurethat is, which are compounds that differ only by the rotation of a carbon single bond. How do you distinguish between structural isomers and those that are identical? Alkenes and cycloalkanes are structural isomers of each other. Give an example of each using C4H8. Another common feature of alkenes and cycloalkanes is that both have restricted rotation about one or more bonds in the compound, so both can exhibit cis- trans isomerism. What is required for an alkene or cycloalkane to exhibit cis-trans isomerism? Explain the difference between cis and trans isomers. Alcohols and ethers are structural isomers of each other, as are aldehydes and ketones. Give an example of each to illustrate. Which functional group in Table 21-4 can be structural isomers of carboxylic acids? What is optical isomerism? What do you look for to determine whether an organic compound exhibits optical isomerism? 1-Bromo-1-chloroethane is optically active whereas 1-bromo-2-chloroethane is not optically active. Explain.arrow_forwardWrite structural formulas for all of the possible isomers of n-pentyne that can be formed by moving the position of the triple bond.arrow_forwardThe following names are incorrect. Draw the structure of the compound and provide the correct IUPAC name. Molecule #1: triisobutylmethane Molecule #2: trimethylmethanearrow_forward
- Give the structure of the following compounds and write their IUPAC names: Ethyl propyl ether Methyl n-butyl ether Ethyl isopropyl ether Dipropyl etherarrow_forwardPropene and Propyne are both unsaturated hydrocarbons and belongs to two different homologous series. What is a homologous series? Give the reagents, reaction conditions and products, describing how propene can be distinguished chemically from propyne.arrow_forward
- Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approa...ChemistryISBN:9781305079250Author:Mark S. Cracolice, Ed PetersPublisher:Cengage LearningWorld of Chemistry, 3rd editionChemistryISBN:9781133109655Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan L. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Brooks / Cole / Cengage Learning
- Chemistry for Today: General, Organic, and Bioche...ChemistryISBN:9781305960060Author:Spencer L. Seager, Michael R. Slabaugh, Maren S. HansenPublisher:Cengage LearningOrganic And Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305081079Author:STOKER, H. Stephen (howard Stephen)Publisher:Cengage Learning,General, Organic, and Biological ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781285853918Author:H. Stephen StokerPublisher:Cengage Learning
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