Chapter 21, Problem 21.8TC

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The name and structural formula of the functional group that identifies an aldehyde or ketone is to be written.

Concept introduction:

The hydrogen atom from the carbon chain can be replaced by atoms/group of atoms called a functional group. The presence of functional group gives characteristics properties to the compound. The chemical properties of the compounds containing the similar functional group are same based on the carbon chain length.

The structural formula is a simplest model that represents the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a molecule.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

To write the structural diagrams show the difference between an aldehyde and a ketone

Concept introduction:

The structural diagram is a simplified model that represents the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a molecule. Both aldehyde and ketone are carbonyl compounds. In the carbonyl functional group, the carbon atom is double bonded to an oxygen atom. The remaining valency of the carbon atom can be satisfied by an alkyl group or a hydrogen atom.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The structural diagrams for all possible aldehyde or ketone isomers of ${\text{C}}_5{\text{H}}_{10}\text{O}$ are to be written. The aldehydes and ketones in the isomers are to be identified.

Concept introduction:

Isomers are the compounds that have the same molecular formula but different in structural arrangement. The connectivity of atoms is different in isomers.

The structural diagram is a simplified model that represents the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a molecule.

Both aldehyde and ketone are carbonyl compounds. In the carbonyl functional group, the carbon atom is double bonded to an oxygen atom. In aldehyde, the remaining valencies of the carbon are filled by an alkyl group and a hydrogen atom while in ketone, the remaining valencies of the carbon are satisfied alkyl groups.