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Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Alkene among the given hydrocarbons is to be identified.
Concept introduction:
Hydrocarbons are the binary compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms in its structure.
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Answer to Problem 21.4TC
Among the given hydrocarbons
Explanation of Solution
According to the general formula of alkenes, for 8 carbon atoms, there must be 16 hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbon,
According to the general formula of alkenes, for 4 carbon atoms there must be 8 hydrogen atoms, for 7 carbon atoms there must be 14 hydrogen atoms, for 2 carbon atoms, there must be 4 hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons
Among the given hydrocarbons
(b)
Interpretation:
The structural formula of trans-difluoroethene
Concept introduction:
Isomers are the compounds which have the same molecular formula but a different structural arrangement of atoms. Alkenes have a double bond between carbon atoms. Due to the presence of a double bond, the rotation about adjacent carbon-carbon atoms is highly restricted. Hence, alkenes can exist in two forms which have the same molecular formula but a different strucutral arrangement of atoms around the double bond. This isomerism is a type of stereoisomerism which is known as geometric isomerism or cis-trans isomerism. In alkenes, when the two similar groups are present on the same side of the double bond is known as cis-isomer and when the two same groups are on the opposite side of the double bond then is known trans-isomer.
In the IUPAC name of an alkene, the Greek prefix represents the number of the substituent, the term before the Greek prefix represents the isomer of the alkene. The suffix for alkene is ‘ene’.
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Answer to Problem 21.4TC
The structural formula of trans-difluoroethene
Explanation of Solution
The structural formula of trans-difluoroethene
The structural formula of trans-difluoroethene
(c)
Interpretation:
Concept introduction:
Hydrocarbons are the binary compounds that consist of carbon and hydrogen atoms in its structure. Alkynes are the hydrocarbons that are unsaturated and consist of at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in its structure. The general representation of alkynes is
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Answer to Problem 21.4TC
Among the given hydrocarbons
Explanation of Solution
According to the alkynes general formula, for 4 carbon atoms there must be 6 hydrogen atoms and for 7 carbon atoms, there must be 12 hydrogen atoms. Hydrocarbons
According to the alkynes general formula, for 8 carbon atoms there must be 14 hydrogen atoms and for 2 carbon atoms, there must be 4 hydrogen atoms.
Among the given hydrocarbons
(d)
Interpretation:
Straight chain isomers of pentyne and structural formula of
Concept introduction:
Isomers are the compounds which have the same molecular formula but different structural formula. Alkynes are the hydrocarbons that are unsaturated and consist of at least one carbon-carbon triple bond in its structure. The general representation of alkynes is
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Answer to Problem 21.4TC
There are two straight chain isomers of pentyne:
Explanation of Solution
There are two straight chain isomers of pentyne:
There are two straight chain isomers of pentyne:
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Chapter 21 Solutions
Introductory Chemistry: An Active Learning Approach
- Write the chemical formula and Lewis structure of the following, each of which contains five carbon atoms:(a) an alkane(b) an alkene(c) an alkynearrow_forwardWrite Lewis structures and describe the molecular geometry at each carbon atom in the following compounds:(a) cis-3-hexene(b) cis-1-chloro-2-bromoethene(c) 2-pentyne(d) trans-6-ethyl-7-methyl-2-octenearrow_forwardDraw the structure(s) of all of the branched alkene isomers, C6H12, that contain 2 methyl branches.arrow_forward
- a) What is the molecular formula of a compound that has the empirical formula C3H5O and a molecular mass of 114? b) Give 2 possible structures for the compound – one structure should contain a ring. 2. Draw 10 structural isomers of C5H10O that contain a ring.arrow_forwardWrite structural formulas for each of the following:arrow_forwardA certain hydrocarbon has a molecular formula of C5H8. Which of the following is not a structural possibility for this hydrocarbon: (d) It contains an alkyne O It contains one ring and one double bond (c) It contains two double bonds and no rings O (b) It contains one ring and no double bondsarrow_forward
- MTBE, Methyl tert-butyl ether, CH3OC(CH3)3, is used as an oxygen source in oxygenated gasolines. MTBE is manufactured by reacting 2-methylpropene with methanol.(a) Using Lewis structures, write the chemical equation representing the reaction.(b) What volume of methanol, density 0.7915 g/mL, is required to produce exactly 1000 kg of MTBE, assuming a 100% yield?arrow_forwardGive the structural formulae of all the chain isomers of C5H12.arrow_forwarddraw the alkanes of C7H16, give their structural namearrow_forward
- (a) What structural feature is associated with each type of hydrocarbon: alkane, cycloalkane, alkene, and alkyne?(b) Give the general formula for each type.(c) Which hydrocarbons are considered saturated?arrow_forwardWrite structures for the three isomers of the aromatic hydrocarbon xylene, C6H4(CH3)2.arrow_forwardAlcohols A, B, and C all have the composition C4H10O. Molecules of alcohol A contain a branched carbon chain and can be oxidized to an aldehyde; molecules of alcohol B contain a linear carbon chain and can be oxidizedto a ketone; and molecules of alcohol C can be oxidized to neither an aldehyde nor a ketone. Write the Lewis structures of these molecules.arrow_forward
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