Chapter 21, Problem 21.5TC

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The structural formula of $1,3,5\text{-trifluorobenzene}$ is to be written.

Concept introduction:

The structural formula is a simplified model that represents the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a molecule.

In the IUPAC name of an organic compound, the Greek prefix indicates the number of the substituents present in the molecule. The numbers before the Greek prefix represents the positions of the substituents. Halogens are represented by ‘halo’ prefix. For example: if fluorine is substituted in the hydrocarbon chain, ‘fluoro’ prefix is used.

The format to name the molecule that contains a benzene ring is as follows:

$\text{substituent number-substitutent namebenzene}$

The structure of benzene is as follows:

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The structural formula of $p\text{-dichlorobenzene}$ is to be written.

Concept introduction:

The structural formula is a simplified model that represents the arrangement of atoms and bonds in a molecule.

In the IUPAC name of an organic compound, the Greek prefix indicates the number of the substituents present in the molecule. Halogens are represented by ‘halo’ prefix. For example: if chlorine is substituted in the hydrocarbon chain, ‘chloro’ prefix is used.

The format to name the molecule that contains a benzene ring is as follows:

$\text{substituent number-substitutent namebenzene}$

The structure of benzene is as follows:

When two hydrogen atoms are substituted from the benzene ring, the prefixes such as ortho (o), meta (m) and para (p) are used to indicate the position of substituents. Ortho indicates 1, 2 position, meta indicates 1, 3 position and para indicates 1, 4 position with respect to each other.