(a)
Interpretation:
The group
Concept introduction:
Metallic character increases in a group from top to bottom and size of the atom increases from going top to bottom in a group.
(b)
Interpretation:
The group
(c)
Interpretation:
The group
Concept introduction:
Oxidizing agent:
A substance that tends to bring about oxidation by being reduced and gaining electrons.
(d)
Interpretation:
The group
Concept introduction:
Electron affinity is the property of an atom which increases with its tendency to attract the electrons of a bond.
Electron affinity increases in a period from left to right and nuclear charge increases from going left to right in a period.
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General Chemistry: Atoms First
- Element X is a metal with a valency 2. Element Y is a non-metal with a valency 3 (a) Write equations to show how X and Y form ions. (b) If Y is a diatomic gas, write the equation for the direct combination of X and Y to form a compound.arrow_forward(a) What are the common oxidation states of the halogens?(b) Give an explanation based on electron configuration for the range and values of the oxidation states of chlorine.(c) Why is fluorine an exception to the pattern of oxidation states found for the other group members?arrow_forward(a) What is the range in electronegativity across the first (3d)transition series? (b) What is the range across Period 4 of main-group elements? (c) Explain the difference.arrow_forward
- What is a disproportionation reaction, and which of thefollowing fit the description?(a) I₂(s) +KI(aq) →KI₃(aq)(b) 2ClO₂(g) +H₂O(l) →HClO₃(aq) +HClO₂(aq)(c) Cl₂(g)+ 2NaOH(aq)→ NaCl(aq)+ NaClO(aq)+ H₂O(l)(d) NH₄NO₂(s)→ N₂(g) +2H₂O(g)(e) 3MnO₄²⁻(aq)+ 2H₂O(l) →2MnO₄(aq) +MnO₂(s) +4OH(aq)(f) 3AuCl(s) →AuCl₃(s)+ 2Au(sarrow_forwardGive the name and symbol or formula of a Group 5A(15)element or compound that fits each description or use:(a) Hydride produced at multimillion-ton level(b) Element(s) essential in plant nutrition(c) Hydride used to manufacture rocket propellants and drugs(d) Odd-electron molecule (two examples)(e) Amphoteric hydroxide with a 5A element in its 3 state(f) Phosphorus-containing water softener(g) Element that is an electrical conductorarrow_forwardAlkaline earth metals are involved in two key diagonal rela-tionships in the periodic table. (a) Give the two pairs of elementsin these diagonal relationships. (b) For each pair, cite two simi-larities that demonstrate the relationship. (c) Why are the mem-bers of each pair so similar in behavior?arrow_forward
- State a reason for each of the following statements: (i) Fluorine never exhibits any positive oxidation state. (ii) Helium does not form any real chemical compounds.arrow_forwardIn general terms, how does each of the following atomic properties influence the metallic character of themain-group elements in a period?(a) Ionization energy(b) Atomic radius(c) Number of outer electrons(d) Effective nuclear chargearrow_forward(a) Determine the oxidation number of lead in each of the following oxides: PbO, PbO2, Pb2O3, Pb3O4.(b) The only known lead ions are Pb2+ and Pb4+. How can you reconcile this statement with your answer to part (A)?arrow_forward
- The alkali metals play virtually the same general chemical role in all their reactions. (a) What is this role? (b) How is it based on atomic properties? (c) Using sodium, write two bal-anced equations that illustrate this role.arrow_forwardWrite a balanced equation for the reaction of elemental boron with each of the following (most of these reactions require high temperature): (a) F2 (b) O2arrow_forwardWrite a balanced chemical equation for the reaction of an excess of oxygen with each of the following. Remember that oxygen is a strong oxidizing agent and tends to oxidize an element to its maximum oxidation state.(a) Mg(b) Rb(c) Ga(d) C2H2(e) COarrow_forward
- Chemistry: Principles and PracticeChemistryISBN:9780534420123Author:Daniel L. Reger, Scott R. Goode, David W. Ball, Edward MercerPublisher:Cengage Learning