Chapter 19, Problem 19.11CP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The main group elements on the periodic table has to be located.

Concept introduction:

Main group elements

Main group elements are $\text{s and p}$ blocks of the periodic table.  The s-block elements are (group 1) alkali metals and group 2 elements.  The p-block elements comprises of groups $\text{13-18}$(basic metals, metalloids, nonmetals, halogens, and noble gases).

Explanation of Solution

Figure 1

$\text{s and p}$ blocks elements are called as main group elements or representative element.

The location of s and p-block elements in the periodic table are shown using violet colored boxes in the above given figure 1.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $\text{s-block}$ elements on the periodic table has to be located.

Concept introduction:

The s-block elements are (group 1) alkali metals and (group 2) alkaline earth metals.

Explanation of Solution

Figure 2

The s-block elements are (group 1) alkali metals and (group 2) alkaline earth metals.  S-block elements have valence electrons in the $\text{s-orbital}$.

The location of s-block elements in the periodic table are shown using violet colored boxes in the above given figure 2.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The $\text{p-block}$ elements on the periodic table has to be located.

Concept introduction:

The p-block elements are groups $\text{13-18}$(basic metals, metalloids, nonmetals, halogens, and noble gases).

Explanation of Solution

Figure 3

P-block elements have valence electrons in the $\text{p-orbital}$.

The location of p-block elements in the periodic table are shown using violet colored boxes in the above given figure 3.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The main group metal elements on the periodic table has to be located.

Concept introduction:

Main group metals all are solid except mercury which is a liquid

Most have a silvery shine, good conductors of heat and electricity.

Relatively low ionization energies.

Relatively low electronegative.

Explanation of Solution

Figure 4

The location of main group metals in the periodic table are shown using violet colored boxes in the above given figure 1.

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The non-metal elements on the periodic table has to be located.

Concept introduction:

Non-metals all are gases at $25°\text{C}$ one is a liquid $\text{(Br)}$ and five are solid $\text{(C, P, S, Se and I)}$

Most lack a metallic luster

Relatively high ionization energies.

Relatively high electronegative.

Gain electrons to form anions, share electrons to form oxyanions

Explanation of Solution

Figure 5

The location of main group non-metals in the periodic table are shown using violet colored boxes in the above given figure 5.

(f)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The semimetals elements on the periodic table has to be located.

Concept introduction:

Carbon is a non-metal, silicon and germanium are semimetals, and tin and lead are metals.  The horizontal and vertical periodic trends combine to locate the element with the most metallic character in the lower left of the periodic table, the element with the most non-metallic character in the upper right, and the semimetals along the diagonal stair step that stretches across the middle.

Explanation of Solution

Figure 6

The location of semimetals in the periodic table are shown using violet colored boxes in the above given figure 6.