Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The shape of
Concept introduction:
Hybridization means the formation of new hybrid orbitals by the mixing and merging of atomic orbitals. All hybrid orbitals has same energy.
(b)
Interpretation:
The shape of
Concept introduction:
Hybridization means the formation of new hybrid orbitals by the mixing and merging of atomic orbitals. All hybrid orbitals has same energy.
(c)
Interpretation:
The shape of
Concept introduction:
Hybridisation means the formation of new hybrid orbitals by the mixing and merger of atomic orbitals. All hybrid orbitals have same energy.
(d)
Interpretation:
The shape of
Concept introduction:
Hybridisation means the formation of new hybrid orbitals by the mixing and merger of atomic orbitals. All hybrid orbitals have same energy.
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General Chemistry: Atoms First
- The elements sodium, aluminum, and chlorine are in the same period. (a) Which has the greatest electronegativity? (b) Which of the atoms is smallest? (c) Which is the largest possible oxidation state for each of these elements? (d) Will the oxide of each element in the highest oxidation state (write its formula) be acidic, basic, or amphoteric?arrow_forwardThe elements sodium, aluminum, and chlorine are in the same period.(a) Which has the greatest electronegativity?(b) Which of the atoms is smallest?(c) Write the Lewis structure for the simplest covalent compound that can form between aluminum and chlorine.(d) Will the oxide of each element be acidic, basic, or amphoteric?arrow_forwardCompounds such as NaBH₄, Al(BH₄)₃, and LiAlH₄ arecomplex hydrides used as reducing agents in many syntheses.(a) Give the oxidation state of each element in these compounds.(b) Write a Lewis structure for the polyatomic anion in NaBH₄,and predict its shape.arrow_forward
- Please Write the chemical equations for the following processes in the image below.arrow_forwardWhat is the formal oxidation state of chlorine in ammonium perchlorate, NH4ClO4?arrow_forwardWrite the Lewis structure for each of the following species,describe its geometry, and indicate the oxidation state ofthe nitrogen: (a) NH4+, (b) NO2- , (c) N2O, (d) NO2.arrow_forward
- Explain why the bond between B and Cl in the molecule BCl3 is shorter than would be expected for a single B—Cl bond.arrow_forward(c) Suggest how the following boron species could be prepared, showing any intermediates. -B(OH)2 B(OH)2arrow_forwardCompounds such as NaBH4, Al(BH4)3, and LiAlH4 are complex hydrides used as reducing agents in many syntheses. (a) Give the oxidation state of each element in these compounds. (b) Write a Lewis structure for the polyatomic anion in NaBH4, and predict its shape.arrow_forward
- For each of the following, draw the Lewis structure, predict the ONO bond angle, and give the hybridization of the nitrogen. (a) NO2(b) NO2−(c) NO2+arrow_forwardA molecular property of the Group 6A(16) hydrides changes abruptly down the group. This change has been ex-plained in terms of a change in orbital hybridization.(a) Between what periods does the change occur?(b) What is the change in the molecular property?(c) What is the change in hybridization?(d) What other group displays a similar change?arrow_forwardChlorine dioxide gas (ClO2) is used as a commercial bleachingagent. It bleaches materials by oxidizing them. In thecourse of these reactions, the ClO2 is itself reduced. (a)What is the Lewis structure for ClO2? (b) Why do you thinkthat ClO2 is reduced so readily? (c) When a ClO2 moleculegains an electron, the chlorite ion, ClO2-, forms. Draw theLewis structure for ClO2-. (d) Predict the O—Cl—O bondangle in the ClO2- ion. (e) One method of preparing ClO2is by the reaction of chlorine and sodium chlorite:Cl2(g) + 2 NaClO2(s)------>2 ClO2(g) + 2 NaCl(s)If you allow 15.0 g of NaClO2 to react with 2.00 L of chlorinegas at a pressure of 1.50 atm at 21 °C, how many gramsof ClO2 can be prepared?arrow_forward
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