Chapter 19, Problem 19.72SP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometrical structure of ${\text{NO}}_2^{-}$ ions has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions. The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

• The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
• Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
• Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type ${\text{AB}}_{\text{2}}$ will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type ${\text{AB}}_3$ will have shape like trigonal planar, type ${\text{AB}}_4$ will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type ${\text{AB}}_5$ will have trigonal bipyramidal and ${\text{AB}}_6$ will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

According to VSEPR theory,

Figure 1

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometrical structure of ${\text{PH}}_{\text{3}}$ ions has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions. The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

• The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
• Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
• Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type ${\text{AB}}_{\text{2}}$ will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type ${\text{AB}}_3$ will have shape like trigonal planar, type ${\text{AB}}_4$ will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type ${\text{AB}}_5$ will have trigonal bipyramidal and ${\text{AB}}_6$ will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

According to VSEPR theory,

Figure 1

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometrical structure of ${\text{PF}}_{\text{5}}$ ions has to be predicted using VSEPR theory.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions. The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

• The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
• Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
• Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type ${\text{AB}}_{\text{2}}$ will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type ${\text{AB}}_3$ will have shape like trigonal planar, type ${\text{AB}}_4$ will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type ${\text{AB}}_5$ will have trigonal bipyramidal and ${\text{AB}}_6$ will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

According to VSEPR theory,

Figure 1

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The geometrical structure of ${\text{PCl}}_{\text{4}}^{\text{+}}$ ions has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

VSEPR Theory:

As the name itself indicates that the basis for this theory is the electron pair that is bonded electron present in either single or double bonds or lone pair electrons, present in the valence shell tends to repel each other which then the tends to be in position in order to minimize the repulsions. The steps involved in the theory in describing the geometry is as follows,

• The first step is to draw the correct Lewis structure for the molecule.
• Then, the electron domain around the central atom should be counted and the geometry that matches with that type of domain in VSEPR should be determined.
• Finally, the geometry is predicted by using the orientation of atoms.

The molecules with considering the domains of type ${\text{AB}}_{\text{2}}$ will tend to have shape like linear or bent if the central atom have lone pair of electrons with it, type ${\text{AB}}_3$ will have shape like trigonal planar, type ${\text{AB}}_4$ will have shape like tetrahedral or square planar, type ${\text{AB}}_5$ will have trigonal bipyramidal and ${\text{AB}}_6$ will have shape like octahedral respectively.

Electron Domain: In VSEPR theory, both the lone pair and the bonded pair are together considered as electron domain regardless of the type of bond in which the bonded pair presents.

According to VSEPR theory,

Figure 1