The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified. Concept introduction: Enzyme: It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction. Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction. Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place. Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme. Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme. Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

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The beta-lactamase hydrolyzes the lactam-ring in penicillin. Describe the mechanism of hydrolysis, insuring to include the involvement of S, D, & K in the reaction sequence. Please help

To map the active site of beta-lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Why doesn't D in this hexapeptide not participate in the hydrolysis of the beta-lactam ring even though S, K, and D are involved in the catalyst?

To map the active site of -lactamase, the enzyme was hydrolyzed with trypsin to yield a hexapeptide (P1) with the following amino acids. Glu, Lys, Leu, Phe, Met, and Ser. Treatment of P1 with phenyl isothiocyanate yielded a PTH derivative of phenylalanine and a peptide (P2). Treatment of P1 with cyanogenbromide gave an acidic tetrapeptide (P3) and a dipeptide (P4).Treatment of P2 with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene, followed by complete hydrolysis, yields N-2,4-dinitrophenyl-Glu. P1, P2, and P3 contain the active site serine. Using the experimental results described above derive the primary sequence of the active site hexapeptide. Please help!

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

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Answer 5

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

Answer 6

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

Answer 7

Chapter 19, Problem 19.33AP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The cofactors and coenzymes from the given list should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Cofactor: It is a non-protein part of an enzyme which is essential to the enzyme’s catalytic activity and it can be a cofactor or a coenzyme.

Coenzyme: It is an organic molecule that acts as an enzyme cofactor.

Answer 14

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Answer 15

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Answer 16

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Answer 17

Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 19.1P Ch. 19.1 - The enzyme LDH converts lactate to pyruvate. In...Ch. 19.2 - The cofactors NAD+, Cu2+, Zn2+, coenzyme A, FAD,...Ch. 19.3 - Describe the reactions that you would expect these...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.5P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.6P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.7P Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.8P Ch. 19.4 - Prob. 19.9KCP Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.10KCP

Solution Summary: The author explains that enzymes require non-protein cofactors as a part of their structure to function. Coenzyme is an organic molecule which is required for the smooth functioning of enzyme.

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