The purpose of positive and negative regulation should be discussed. Concept Introduction: Enzyme: It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction. Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction. Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place. Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme. Enzyme regulation can be done by two ways: Allosteric control and feedback inhibition. Allosteric control: In this type of regulation, the binding of a molecule at one site on a protein affects the binding of another molecule at a different site. Allosteric enzymes have more than one protein chain and two kinds of binding sites. One binding site is for the substrate and other is for regulation. The advantage is that regulators need not be structurally similar to the substrate because they do not bind to the active site. Can be either positive or negative Positive regulation: It is a type of regulation in which binding a positive regulator changes an unavailable active site so that substrate can fit into the active site and the reaction occurs. Negative regulation: Binding a negative regulator changes the active site so that the enzyme can no longer bind substrate to the active site.

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Chapter 19, Problem 19.67AP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The purpose of positive and negative regulation should be discussed.

Concept Introduction:

Enzyme:

It is a protein or a molecule which can act as a catalyst for a biological reaction.

Does not affect the equilibrium point of the reaction.

Active site of the enzyme is the region where the reaction takes place.

Enzyme’s activity can be specific which means the activity is limited to a certain substrate and a certain type of reaction and it is referred to as specificity of the enzyme.

Enzyme regulation can be done by two ways: Allosteric control and feedback inhibition.

Allosteric control:

In this type of regulation, the binding of a molecule at one site on a protein affects the binding of another molecule at a different site.

Allosteric enzymes have more than one protein chain and two kinds of binding sites.

One binding site is for the substrate and other is for regulation.

The advantage is that regulators need not be structurally similar to the substrate because they do not bind to the active site.

Can be either positive or negative

Positive regulation: It is a type of regulation in which binding a positive regulator changes an unavailable active site so that substrate can fit into the active site and the reaction occurs.

Negative regulation: Binding a negative regulator changes the active site so that the enzyme can no longer bind substrate to the active site.

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