Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780134015187
Author: John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher: PEARSON
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Textbook Question
Chapter 19, Problem 19.64AP
The meat tenderizer used in cooking is primarily papain, a protease enzyme isolated from the fruit of the papaya tree. Why do you suppose papain is so effective at tenderizing meat?
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
Triclosan is a broad-spectrum antibacterial agent used in many household products.
It is structurally similar to polychlorobiphenylol, a substrate that binds to the active
site of the enzyme sulfotransferase. Based on these facts, you can conclude that
triclosan most likely:
lowers the activation energy of chemical reactions.
functions as an enzyme when sulfotransferase is absent.
is a competitive inhibitor.
acts as a noncompetitive inhibitor.
Xylanase is a class of hydrolyase enzymes that can break down hemicellulose into
fermentable sugars. Xylanase is widely used in the pulp and paper industry for
chlorine-free enzymatic bleaching of wood pulp. Besides that, xylanase is also applied
in several industries like feed, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages. At the industrial
scale, xylanases are mainly produced by microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi.
1. Solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation are the two major
techniques applied in the production of xylanase enzymes. Outline how the
xylanase enzymes are produced using these two techniques. Identify the
advantages and disadvantages of these two techniques.
2. Select a suitable microorganism and substrate that could be applied to produce
xylanase enzymes economically at industrial scale via the submerged fermentation
techniques with justifications.
Enzyme + acetate + CoA ---> enzyme + acetyl _ CoAIn the reaction above, the enzyme is acting as a
A) Modulator
B) Cofactor
C) Catalyst
D) Activator
Chapter 19 Solutions
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (8th Edition)
Ch. 19.1 - Prob. 19.1PCh. 19.1 - The enzyme LDH converts lactate to pyruvate. In...Ch. 19.2 - The cofactors NAD+, Cu2+, Zn2+, coenzyme A, FAD,...Ch. 19.3 - Describe the reactions that you would expect these...Ch. 19.3 - Prob. 19.5PCh. 19.3 - Prob. 19.6PCh. 19.3 - Prob. 19.7PCh. 19.3 - Prob. 19.8PCh. 19.4 - Prob. 19.9KCPCh. 19.5 - Prob. 19.10KCP
Ch. 19.5 - Prob. 19.11PCh. 19.5 - Prob. 19.12PCh. 19.6 - Prob. 19.13PCh. 19.6 - Prob. 19.14PCh. 19.7 - (a) L-Threonine is converted to L-isoleucine in a...Ch. 19.8 - AZT (zidovudine) inhibits the synthesis of the HIV...Ch. 19.8 - Prob. 19.3CIAPCh. 19.8 - Prob. 19.16PCh. 19.9 - Does the enzyme described in each of the following...Ch. 19.9 - Prob. 19.18PCh. 19.9 - Compare the structures of vitamin A and vitamin C....Ch. 19.9 - Prob. 19.20PCh. 19.9 - Prob. 19.21KCPCh. 19.9 - Prob. 19.22PCh. 19.9 - Prob. 19.4CIAPCh. 19.9 - Prob. 19.6CIAPCh. 19.9 - Prob. 19.7CIAPCh. 19.9 - Enzyme levels in blood are often elevated in...Ch. 19.9 - Prob. 19.9CIAPCh. 19.9 - Prob. 19.23PCh. 19 - Prob. 19.24UKCCh. 19 - Prob. 19.25UKCCh. 19 - Prob. 19.26UKCCh. 19 - Prob. 19.27UKCCh. 19 - Prob. 19.28APCh. 19 - Explain how the following mechanisms regulate...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.30APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.31APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.32APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.33APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.34APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.35APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.36APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.37APCh. 19 - Name an enzyme that acts on each molecule. (a)...Ch. 19 - Name an enzyme that acts on each molecule. (a)...Ch. 19 - What features of enzymes make them so specific in...Ch. 19 - Describe in general terms how enzymes act as...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.42APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.43APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.44APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.45APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.46APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.47APCh. 19 - What is the difference between the lock-and-key...Ch. 19 - Why is the induced-fit model a more likely model...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.50APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.51APCh. 19 - How do you explain the observation that pepsin, a...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.53APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.54APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.55APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.56APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.57APCh. 19 - The text discusses three forms of enzyme...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.59APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.60APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.62APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.63APCh. 19 - The meat tenderizer used in cooking is primarily...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.65APCh. 19 - Why do allosteric enzymes have two types of...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.67APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.68APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.69APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.70APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.71APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.72APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.73APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.74APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.75APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.76APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.77APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.78APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.79APCh. 19 - Prob. 19.80CPCh. 19 - Prob. 19.81CPCh. 19 - Prob. 19.82CPCh. 19 - Prob. 19.83CPCh. 19 - Prob. 19.84CPCh. 19 - Prob. 19.85CPCh. 19 - Prob. 19.86CPCh. 19 - Prob. 19.87CPCh. 19 - Prob. 19.88GPCh. 19 - The ability to change a selected amino acid...Ch. 19 - Prob. 19.90GPCh. 19 - Prob. 19.91GP
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- There are several applications of microorganisms in industries. One of them is in medical and pharmaceuticals. Name a suitable microorganism and demonstrate its application in producing synthetic human insulin.arrow_forwardTazobactam is a BETA-lactam that inhibits the enzyme that bacteria secrete to resist penicillin. Draw a mechanism for the formation of the tazobactam-trapped BETA-lactamase conjugate that proceeds through the following steps.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is an appropriate definition of zymogen? a) An inactive enzyme precursor b) A digestive enzyme c) A protease d) All of the abovearrow_forward
- Enzymatic activity is rapidly destroyed at physiologically high temperatures. How do you reconcile this observation with the existence of bacteria and algae that grow in hot springs where the temperature may be as high as 73 °C?arrow_forwardWhich of the following amino acids can act as nucleophiles in a protease active site (choose all that apply): a) Cysteine b) Alanine c) Leucine d) Serine e) Threoninearrow_forwardE. coli can convert glutamate to ornithine. Describe the two reactions that do so.arrow_forward
- Can you help mearrow_forwardAll of the following are true about the cytochrome P450 system except: 13 A) This system contains Phase II biotransforming enzymes B) The highest concentration of P450 enzymes is in the liver endoplasmic reticulum All P450 enzymes are heme containing proteins P450 enzymes play a key role in the detoxification of xenobioticsarrow_forwardPenicillin is an antibiotic. It kills bacteria by preventing the formation of the peptidoglycan layer of the bacterial cell wall. Penicillin does so by inhibiting the enzyme Transpeptidase, which is required for peptidoglycan layer formation. What type of inhibitor is Penicillin? Explain.arrow_forward
- Consider the metabolic pathway show below that converts substrate A to B with the enzyme A-ase, B to C with B-ase(I), and so forth. Acety/A-ase A-ase Acetate Deacetylase D Protease B-ase C-ase A-ase ABC- What is the mechanism of regulation of B-ase? Positive allostery Reversible Covalent modification Isoenzymes Proteolytic Activation Feedback Inhibitionarrow_forwardThe pathway shown below is used by a fungus to create Fructose-1,6-diphosphate from glucose. A silent mutation occurs in the gene that encodes enzyme 3. This fungus is grown on media that only contains the precursor. Discuss the effects of this mutation on: (i) The function of Enzyme 3 (ií) The production of Fructose-1,6-diphosphate Enzyme 1 Glucose-6- Enzyme 2 fructose-6- Enzyme 3 Fructose-1,6- Glucose phosphate phosphate diphosphatearrow_forwardPenicillin is an irreversible inhibitor. What is the name of the enzyme that it inhibits? How does that make penicillin a useful drug for us?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. FreemanLehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. FreemanFundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
- BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage LearningBiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage LearningFundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781464126116
Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781118918401
Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt
Publisher:WILEY
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305961135
Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...
Biochemistry
ISBN:9780134015187
Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher:PEARSON
Enzyme Kinetics; Author: MIT OpenCourseWare;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FXWZr3mscUo;License: Standard Youtube License