Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The value of
Concept introduction:
The point at which the bond between the two atoms become nonexistent thus the molecule exists as two separated atoms are known as dissociation limit. The relation between
Where,
•
•
•
•
(b)
Interpretation:
Whether it is expected that
Concept introduction:
The point at which the bond between the two atoms become nonexistent thus the molecule exists as two separated atoms are known as dissociation limit. The relation between
Where,
•
•
•
•
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Physical Chemistry
- The standard enthalpies of formation for S(g), F(g), SF4(g), and SF6(g) are +278.8, +79.0, 775, and +1209 KJ/mol, respectively. a. Use these data to estimate the energy of an SF bond. b. Compare your calculated value to the value given in Table 3-3. What conclusions can you draw? c. Why are the Hf values for S(g) and F(g) not equal to zero, since sulfur and fluorine are elements?arrow_forwardUsing a table of average bond enthalpies. Table 6.2 ( Sec. 6-6b), estimate the enthalpy change for the industrial synthesis of methanol by the catalyzed reaction of carbon monoxide with hydrogen.arrow_forwardWrite Lewis structures for CO32, HCO3, and H2CO3. When acid is added to an aqueous solution containing carbonate or bicarbonate ions, carbon dioxide gas is formed. We generally say that carbonic acid (H2C03) is unstable. Use bond energies to estimate E for the reaction (in the gas phase) H2CO3CO2+H2O Specify a possible cause for the instability of carbonic acid.arrow_forward
- (a) Draw a Lewis diagram for carbonic acid, H,CO3, with a central carbon atóm bonded to the three oxygen atoms. (b) Carbonic acid is unstable in aqueous solution and converts to dissolved carbon dioxide. Use bond enthal- pies to estimate the enthalpy change for the following reaction: H,CO;→ H,O + CO,arrow_forwardThe table below contains some mean bond energy data: Bond H—H C-C N≡N Mean bond energy /kJ mol–1 436 348 944 (i) Balance the equation below for the formation of one mole of ammonia, NH3, from its elements. N2 + H2 → NH3 DH = -38 kJmol-1 (ii) Use the data in the table above to calculate the bond energy of N – H bond in NH3 in the reaction given in (i) above. Comment on why the value obtained is referred to as ‘mean bond enthalpy’arrow_forwardCalculate Δ Hrxn for Ca(s) + 1/2O2(g) + CO2(g) -> CaCO3(s) Given the following set of reactions: Ca(s) + 1/2O2(G) -> CaO(2) ΔH= -635.1kJ CaCO3(s) -> CaO(s) + CO2(g) ΔH = 178.3kJ a.) 813.41 kJ b.) -813.4 kJ c.) 456.8 kJ d.) -456.8 kJarrow_forward
- With reference to the “Chemistry Put to Work” box on explosives, (a) use bond enthalpies to estimate the enthalpy change for the explosion of 1.00 g of nitroglycerin. (b) Write a balanced equation for the decomposition of TNT. Assume that, upon explosion, TNT decomposes into N2(g), CO2(g), H2O(g), and C(s).arrow_forward(e) The mean bond enthalpy for chlorine is +242 kJ mol·l and that for fluorine is +158 kJ mol-". The enthalpy of formation of CIF (g) is 56 kJ mol·l (ii) Calculate the enthalpy of formation of, gaseous Chlorine Trifluoride, CIF3 (g), using the bond enthalpy value you obtained in part (i). (iii) The bond enthalpy of CIF3 calculated in part (ii) is likely to be different than that determined from experiment. Explain.arrow_forwardCombustion reactions involve reacting a substance with oxygen. When compounds containing carbon and hydrogen are combusted, carbon dioxide and water are the products. Using the enthalpies of combustion for C₂H₂ (-1300. kJ/mol), C₂H6 (-1560. kJ/mol), and H₂ (-286 kJ/mol), calculate AH for the reaction C₂H₂(g) + 2H₂(g) → C₂H6 (9) ΔΗ - Submit Answer Try Another Version Titem attempt remaining Cengage Learning Cengage Technical Support Previous Next> Email Instructor Save and Exitarrow_forward
- Acetylene (C2H2) and nitrogen (N2) both contain a triplebond, but they differ greatly in their chemical properties.(a) Write the Lewis structures for the two substances. (b) By referring to Appendix C, look up the enthalpies of formationof acetylene and nitrogen. Which compound is more stable?(c) Write balanced chemical equations for the completeoxidation of N2 to form N2O5(g) and of acetylene to formCO2(g) and H2O(g). (d) Calculate the enthalpy of oxidationper mole for N2 and for C2H2 (the enthalpy of formationof N2O5(g) is 11.30 kJ/mol). (e) Both N2 and C2H2 possesstriple bonds with quite high bond enthalpies (Table 8.3).Calculate the enthalpy of hydrogenation per mole for bothcompounds: acetylene plus H2 to make methane, CH4;nitrogen plus H2 to make ammonia, NH3.arrow_forwardFructose, C6H1206(S), consists of 5 C-C single bonds, 7 C-O bonds, 7 C-H bonds, and 5 O-H bonds with average bond energies of 348 kJ/mol, 360 kJ/mol, 412 kJ/mol, and 463 kJ/mol respectively. The bond energy for C=O is 799 kJ/mol and O=O is 498 kJ/mol. The molar mass of fructose is 180.12 g/mol. Estimate the change in enthalpy if 2.56 g of fructose undergoes complete combustion at standard temperature and pressure.arrow_forwardAcetylene 1C2H22 and nitrogen 1N22 both contain a triplebond, but they differ greatly in their chemical properties.(a) Write the Lewis structures for the two substances. (b) Byreferring to Appendix C, look up the enthalpies of formationof acetylene and nitrogen. Which compound is more stable?(c) Write balanced chemical equations for the completeoxidation of N2 to form N2O51g2 and of acetylene to formCO21g2 and H2O1g2. (d) Calculate the enthalpy of oxidationper mole for N2 and for C2H2 (the enthalpy of formationof N2O51g2 is 11.30 kJ>mol). (e) Both N2 and C2H2 possesstriple bonds with quite high bond enthalpies (Table 8.3).Calculate the enthalpy of hydrogenation per mole for bothcompounds: acetylene plus H2 to make methane, CH4;nitrogen plus H2 to make ammonia, NH3.arrow_forward
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