a) NaBH 4 Interpretation: The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH 4 ; then with H 3 O + . Concept introduction: Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH 4 . It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution. All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH 4 . Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1 0 alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH 4 , while ketones yield 2 0 alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH 4 reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C. Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1 0 alcohol. To give: The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH 4 ; then with H 3 O + .

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

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> You are trying to decide if there is a single reagent you can add that will make the following synthesis possible without any other major side products: 1. ☑ CI 2. H3O+ O Draw the missing reagent X you think will make this synthesis work in the drawing area below. If there is no reagent that will make your desired product in good yield or without complications, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. Click and drag to start drawing a structure. Explanation Check ? DO 18 Ar B © 2025 McGraw Hill LLC. All Rights Reserved. Terms of Use | Privacy Center | Accessibility

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Consider a solution of 0.00304 moles of 4-nitrobenzoic acid (pKa = 3.442) dissolved in 25 mL water and titrated with 0.0991 M NaOH. Calculate the pH at the equivalence point

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 5

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Answer 6

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 7

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 17.1 - Give IUPAC names for the following compounds:Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 17.2 - The following data for isomeric four-carbon...Ch. 17.2 - Rank the following substances in order of...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 17.4 - What reagent would you use to accomplish each of...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that NaBH 4 reduces esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. LiAlH 4 reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

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Chapter 17 Solutions