a) NaBH 4 Interpretation: The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH 4 ; then with H 3 O + . Concept introduction: Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH 4 . It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution. All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH 4 . Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1 0 alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH 4 , while ketones yield 2 0 alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH 4 reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C. Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1 0 alcohol. To give: The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH 4 ; then with H 3 O + .

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Answer 6

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 7

Chapter 17.SE, Problem 23VC

Interpretation Introduction

a) NaBH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with NaBH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

b) LiAlH₄

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with LiAlH₄; then with H₃O⁺.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

c) 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr

Interpretation:

The product obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Concept introduction:

Aldehydes and ketones can be reduced to alcohols using NaBH₄. It reduces the esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. The reduction can be carried out in either water or alcohol solution.

All carbonyl compounds, including acids, esters, aldehydes and ketones are reduced by LiAlH₄. Acids, esters and aldehydes yield a 1⁰ alcohol upon reduction with LiAlH₄, while ketones yield 2⁰ alcohols. The reaction is carried out in ether solution as LiAlH₄ reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

Esters will react with two molar equivalents of ethylmagnesium bromide to yield a 1⁰ alcohol.

To give:

The products obtained when the compound shown is treated with 2 CH₃CH₂MgBr; then H₃O⁺.

Answer 12

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 13

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 17.1 - Give IUPAC names for the following compounds:Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2P Ch. 17.2 - The following data for isomeric four-carbon...Ch. 17.2 - Rank the following substances in order of...Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 5P Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 6P Ch. 17.4 - What reagent would you use to accomplish each of...Ch. 17.4 - Prob. 8P Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 9P Ch. 17.5 - Prob. 10P

Solution Summary: The author explains that NaBH 4 reduces esters very slowly and does not reduce carboxylic acids. LiAlH 4 reacts violently with water and explodes when heated above 120°C.

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Chapter 17 Solutions