Chapter 17.12, Problem 4QQ

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Cyclic amides are designated as what has to be chosen from the given options.

Concept Introduction:

Organic compounds are the important basis of life.  They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc.  The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds.  Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms.  All the organic compounds contain the element carbon.  Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.

Organic compounds contain heteroatom also.  Some of them are nitrogen, sulfur, oxygen etc.  Nitrogen containing organic compounds are of two important types and they are amines, amides.

One of the carboxylic acid derivative is amide.  In this the carboxyl $-\text{OH}$ group is replaced by an amino or a substituted amino group.  The functional group of amide can be given as,

Amides are also classified as primary, secondary, and tertiary amide.

Primary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two hydrogen atoms.  Primary amides are also known as unsubstituted amides.

Secondary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to one hydrogen atom and one alkyl (or aryl) group.  Secondary amides are also known as monosubstituted amides.

Tertiary amide is the one that has a nitrogen atom that is bonded to two alkyl (or aryl) groups.  Tertiary amides are also known as disubstituted amides.

Apart from linear amides, there are also cyclic amides.  They are formed by intramolecular condensation.  Cyclic amides are also known as lactams.