“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated. Concept Introduction: Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base. Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion. When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below, Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

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Answer 1

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.74EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

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Please help me with # 4 and 5. Thanks in advance!

A small artisanal cheesemaker is testing the acidity of their milk before it coagulates. During fermentation, bacteria produce lactic acid (K₁ = 1.4 x 104), a weak acid that helps to curdle the milk and develop flavor. The cheesemaker has measured that the developing mixture contains lactic acid at an initial concentration of 0.025 M. Your task is to calculate the pH of this mixture and determine whether it meets the required acidity for proper cheese development. To achieve the best flavor, texture and reduce/control microbial growth, the pH range needs to be between pH 4.6 and 5.0. Assumptions: Lactic acid is a monoprotic acid H H :0:0: H-C-C H :0: O-H Figure 1: Lewis Structure for Lactic Acid For simplicity, you can use the generic formula HA to represent the acid You can assume lactic acid dissociation is in water as milk is mostly water. Temperature is 25°C 1. Write the K, expression for the dissociation of lactic acid in the space provided. Do not forget to include state symbols.…

Curved arrows are used to illustrate the flow of electrons. Using the provided starting and product structures, draw the curved electron-pushing arrows for the following reaction or mechanistic step(s). Be sure to account for all bond-breaking and bond-making steps. :0: :0 H. 0:0 :0: :6: S: :0: Select to Edit Arrows ::0 Select to Edit Arrows H :0: H :CI: Rotation Select to Edit Arrows H. < :0: :0: :0: S:

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.74EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.74EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Class of organic compounds that contain a carboxyl group ( - COOH ) and has a general formula R - COOH or R - CO 2 H , where R refers to the alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or other groups. They can undergo different chemical reactions, such as acid-base reactions, esterification, and oxidation. These are essential components of living organisms, playing important roles in metabolic processes, signaling, and as pharmaceuticals.

Chapter 17, Problem 17.74EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 17.74EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 17.74EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 17.74EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

“Parent” amine can be regenerated from the given salt or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Quaternary ammonium salt is the one that has four carbon atoms attached to the nitrogen atom. This is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of a strong base.

Neutralization reaction is the one that takes place between an acid and a base to give salt as product. As amines are bases due to the amino group in it, the reaction with inorganic acid or carboxylic acid gives salt as product. The salt formed is an amine salt. Proton is donated from the acid to the nitrogen atom which acts as a proton acceptor. In simple words, it can be said that in an amine‑acid reaction, the acid loses a hydrogen ion and amine gains a hydrogen ion.

When a strong base is added to the amine salt, the parent amine can be obtained. This is a reverse reaction of the amine salt formation reaction. These reactions can be represented as shown below,

Quaternary ammonium salt does not give the “parent” amine when treated with a strong base as there is no possibility of deprotonation to take place.

Answer 14

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Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 4QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that a quaternary ammonium salt is formed by the reaction of tertiary amine with alkyl halide in presence of strong base.

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