Chapter 17, Problem 17.132EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The organic product formed in the given reaction has to be indicated as primary amide, secondary amide, tertiary amide, or not an amide.

Concept Introduction:

Amides are synthesized using amidification reaction.  This involves a reaction between amine and carboxylic acid.  In this reaction, the $-\text{OH}$ group present in carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from ammonia or amine is lost to give amide as the product.  Water is obtained as a by-product in this reaction.  The general reaction scheme for synthesis of amides can be given as,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Ammonia}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{1°}\text{amide}\\ \text{1°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{2°}\text{amide}\\ \text{2°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{3°}\text{amide}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 17.132EP

Organic product obtained is a primary amide.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

In amidification process, $-\text{OH}$ from carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from amine or ammonia is lost to form amide as product.  Looking into the given reaction, it is found that a carboxylic acid and ammonia is present as reactant and the reaction is conducted at high temperature.  The product obtained is a primary amide.  This is an amidification reaction.

Conclusion

The product obtained is indicated.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The organic product formed in the given reaction has to be indicated as primary amide, secondary amide, tertiary amide, or not an amide.

Concept Introduction:

Amides are synthesized using amidification reaction.  This involves a reaction between amine and carboxylic acid.  In this reaction, the $-\text{OH}$ group present in carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from ammonia or amine is lost to give amide as the product.  Water is obtained as a by-product in this reaction.  The general reaction scheme for synthesis of amides can be given as,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Ammonia}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{1°}\text{amide}\\ \text{1°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{2°}\text{amide}\\ \text{2°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{3°}\text{amide}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 17.132EP

Organic product obtained is a secondary amide.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

In amidification process, $-\text{OH}$ from carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from amine or ammonia is lost to form amide as product.  Looking into the given reaction, it is found that a carboxylic acid and primary amine is present as reactant and the reaction is conducted at high temperature.  The product obtained is a secondary amide.  This is an amidification reaction.

Conclusion

The product obtained is indicated.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The organic product formed in the given reaction has to be indicated as primary amide, secondary amide, tertiary amide, or not an amide.

Concept Introduction:

Amides are synthesized using amidification reaction.  This involves a reaction between amine and carboxylic acid.  In this reaction, the $-\text{OH}$ group present in carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from ammonia or amine is lost to give amide as the product.  Water is obtained as a by-product in this reaction.  The general reaction scheme for synthesis of amides can be given as,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Ammonia}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{1°}\text{amide}\\ \text{1°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{2°}\text{amide}\\ \text{2°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{3°}\text{amide}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 17.132EP

Organic product obtained is a tertiary amide.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

In amidification process, $-\text{OH}$ from carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from amine or ammonia is lost to form amide as product.  Looking into the given reaction, it is found that a carboxylic acid and secondary amine is present as reactant and the reaction is conducted at high temperature.  The product obtained is a tertiary amide.  This is an amidification reaction.

Conclusion

The product obtained is indicated.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The organic product formed in the given reaction has to be indicated as primary amide, secondary amide, tertiary amide, or not an amide.

Concept Introduction:

Amides are synthesized using amidification reaction.  This involves a reaction between amine and carboxylic acid.  In this reaction, the $-\text{OH}$ group present in carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from ammonia or amine is lost to give amide as the product.  Water is obtained as a by-product in this reaction.  The general reaction scheme for synthesis of amides can be given as,

$\begin{array}{l}\text{Ammonia}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{1°}\text{amide}\\ \text{1°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{2°}\text{amide}\\ \text{2°}\text{amine}\text{+}\text{Carboxylic acid}\stackrel{\text{100 }°\text{C}}{\to }\text{3°}\text{amide}\end{array}$

Answer to Problem 17.132EP

Organic product obtained is a tertiary amide.

Explanation of Solution

Given reaction is,

In amidification process, $-\text{OH}$ from carboxylic acid and $-\text{H}$ from amine or ammonia is lost to form amide as product.  Looking into the given reaction, it is found that a carboxylic acid and secondary amine is present as reactant and the reaction is conducted at high temperature.  The product obtained is a tertiary amide.  This is an amidification reaction.

Conclusion

The product obtained is indicated.