Nicotine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated. Concept Introduction: Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

Question

1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.89EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nicotine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Quinine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Morphine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Cocaine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

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1. In vivo testing provides valuable insight into a drug’s kinetics. Assessing drug kinetics following multiple different routes of administration provides greater insight than just a single route of administration alone. The following data was collected in 250 g rats following bolus iv, oral (po), and intraperitoneal (ip) administration.Using this data and set of graphs, determine: (a) k, C0, V, and AUC* for the bolus iv data (b) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the po data (c) k, ka, B1, and AUC* for the ip data (d) relative bioavailability for po vs ip, Fpo/Fip (e) absolute po bioavailability, (f)Fpo absolute ip bioavailability, Fip MAKE SURE ANSWERS HAVE UNITS if appropriate. SHOW ALL WORK, including equation used, variables used and each step to your solution.

2. Drug quantification from plasma is commonly performed by using techniques such as HPLC or LC/MS. However, these methods do have limitations, and investigators may choose to use a radiolabeled analog of a drug instead. Radioligands are molecules that contain radioactive isotopes, commonly 3H or 14C. This technique allows investigators to quantify drug concentration from radiation measurements. The following measurements were made in 250 g rats following oral administration of 18.2 µCi of a 14C-labeled drug of interest: Time (min) Plasma Radiation Levels (µCi/L) 0 0.0 2 9.7 4 19.2 7 25.3 9 37.8 12 39.6 14 45.8 17 48.8 20 52.0 25 56.4 30 59.2 35 60.1 40 61.1 45 62.1 50 62.8 60 63.1 70 62.1 80 60.1 90 57.3 100 55.5 110 53.7 120 52.2 150 48.0 180 45.0 240 39.0 Note that a µCi is a measure of the amount of radioactivity and hence is a measure of the amount of drug present. Given that the oral bioavailability of this drug is known to be essentially 100%, estimate the following from this…

The current nutrition labelling regulation in Hong Kong requires food manufacturer to list E+7 information on the package of pre-packaged food products. Do you think that more nutrients, such as calcium and cholesterol, shall be included?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.89EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nicotine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Quinine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Morphine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Cocaine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.89EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nicotine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Quinine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Morphine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Cocaine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 17, Problem 17.89EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nicotine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Quinine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Morphine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Cocaine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

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Answer 5

Chapter 17, Problem 17.89EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nicotine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Quinine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Morphine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Cocaine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

Answer 6

Chapter 17, Problem 17.89EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nicotine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

Answer 7

Chapter 17, Problem 17.89EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Nicotine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Quinine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Quinine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Morphine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Morphine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Cocaine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Cocaine is an alkaloid or not has to be indicated.

Concept Introduction:

Alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material. Alkaloid means “like a base”. This says that alkaloids react with acids. More than 5000 compounds are isolated from plants and they are physiologically active. They all nearly contain amine as functional group in it.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 17.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 17.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 17.3 - Prob. 4QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that alkaloids are organic compounds that contain nitrogen atom in it and are extracted from plant material.

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