Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 8TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Every organism has a definite body pattern. There are two classes of genes, namely, housekeeping genes and expression genes, which control the development of body parts of an organism. These are maternal effect genes and segmentation genes. These genes encode proteins that regulate the gene expression.
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Which of the following correctly explains how gene expression can change in a differentiating cell in an animal embryo?A. DNA methylation triggered by apoptosis leads to suppression of some genes and expression of others.B. Presence of germ layers trigger hormonal release from endocrine glands, signaling to certain cells to express genes.C. Cell signals through plasmodesmata allow coordination of cellular activities and cell differentiation.D. Cues from the cytoplasm and from surrounding cells can induce changes in gene expression.
Master regulatory genes play critical roles in development. Predict the MOST likely fate of a fly embryo where master regulatory genes were nonfunctional due to mutation.
A. Cell division would stop, and the embryo would halt development.
B. The embryo would be a collection of undifferentiated cells because they never get the message that will send them down a determination pathway.
C. The embryo would be a combination of differentiated and undifferentiated cells because, even in the absence of a functional master regulatory gene, some cells will differentiate on their own.
D. The embryo would continue to develop, but there is a high probability that some limbs may end up in the wrong place in the adult.
Signal transduction pathways are important mechanisms for cell-to-cell communication in multicellular organisms. How do the target cells typically respond when they receive signals from neighboring cells during very early stages of embryo development?
A. The target cells move to one of the poles to establish the anterior-posterior body axis.
B. The target cells undergo changes in gene expression, sending them down a specific developmental path.
C. The target cells stop dividing so the neighboring cells have time to get to the same stage of development.
D. The target cells activate a collection of miRNAs to accelerate transcription and cell division.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 16.1 - Suppose the lacl gene is mutated so that the Lac...Ch. 16.1 - Answer the equivalent question for the trp operon:...Ch. 16.2 - What is the role of histones in gene expression?...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 16 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16 - For the E. coli lac operon, when lactose is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 16 - Discuss Concepts In a mutant strain of E. coli,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 16 - Design an experiment using rats as the model...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 4ITD
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- You are interested in the expression of regions of the X chromosome at different times in human fetal development. You hypothesize that large regions of the X chromosomes will be expressed at times when parts of the reproductive organs are developing. What structural and chemical characteristics of the X chromosome might you look at over time to determine when expression of genes on the X chromosome is enhanced or repressed?arrow_forwardYou are studying Hox genes in crane flies (Leptotarsus testaceus). The cranefly genome is sequenced, and in craneflies. Using your understanding of Hox genes, design an experiment testing where the homolog of the EVE gene is expressed in cranefly embryos. you have access to this sequence. You are interested in studying the EVE genearrow_forwardIn early mammalian development, compaction would likely be blocked by inhibiting expression of which of the following? a. Beta-catenin. b. E-cadherin. c. Bcl2. d. Cdx2.arrow_forward
- In mammals, males have X and Y sex chromosomes, while females have two Xs. While the Y sex chromosome has very few genes associated with it, the X sex chromosome has many that are important to maintain life. How do mammals account for this in terms of equaling out gene expression levels? A. Mammals do not need to account for this, but birds do. B. Females produce more proteins from X-linked genes than males do. C. The single X of the males works twice as hard to keep up with the female’s two Xs. D. The females have one X inactivated to permit the males to keep pace with them.arrow_forwardAt birth a child has got blue eyes, but now his/her eyes turn brown. Which of the following statements would best explain the observed phenomena? A. The child does not have brown pigment at birth B. Eye’s colour at birth is affected by mother’s gene C. Gene repressor for brown pigment produced is not yet active D. Gene activatior for brown pigment production is not yet active at birth E. All of the above statements are falsearrow_forwardA key event that initially determines female or male development in Drosophila is the a. transcription of the Sxl gene. b. alternative splicing of the Sxl pre-mRNA. c. expression of the ix gene. d. expression of the her gene.arrow_forward
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