Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 6TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Gene expression is the process that involves synthesis of protein from
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Which statement/s is/are TRUE about transcription?A. During transcription, DNA polymerase binds to RNA and separates the DNA strands.B. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA.C. RNA polymerase binds only to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences.D. Promoters are signals in RNA that indicate to RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.E. Transcription occurs in the 3’ to 5’ direction with respect to the growing mRNA strand.
Why is regulating transcription the main way that cells control gene expression?
A.
Because transcription is the last step in gene expression, stopping here ensures that the cell has a stockpile of proteins to prepare them from all unexpected environmental changes.
B.
Because transcription involves interactions with DNA, preventing transcription reduces the changes of mutation in the cell’s genome.
C.
Because transcription is the first step in gene expression, stopping at transcription reduces the amount of energy and resources used by producing unnecessary gene products.
D.
Because transcription is the shortest step in gene expression, preventing transcription has little effect on the rate of protein production.
Which of the following is true of CpG islands?
a. They are methylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes.
b. They are unmethylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes.
c. Acetylation of CpG islands leads to repression of transcription.
d. CpG islands code for RNA molecules that activate transcription.
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 16.1 - Suppose the lacl gene is mutated so that the Lac...Ch. 16.1 - Answer the equivalent question for the trp operon:...Ch. 16.2 - What is the role of histones in gene expression?...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 16 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16 - For the E. coli lac operon, when lactose is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 16 - Discuss Concepts In a mutant strain of E. coli,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 16 - Design an experiment using rats as the model...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Is each of the following statements true or false? A. An enhancer is a type of regulatory element. B. A core promoter is a type of regulatory element. C. Regulatory transcription factors bind to regulatory elements. D. An enhancer may cause the down regulation of transcription.arrow_forwardHow is transcription directly controlled in eukaryotic cells? a. through the use of phosphorylation b. by means of apoptosis c. using transcription factors and activators d. when chromatin is packed to keep genes turned on e. None of these are correct.arrow_forwardWhich of these is used in the transcription of all genes? Choose all correct answers. A. Core promoter B. Proximal promoter C. Distal promoter D. General Transcription Factors E. Regulatory Transcription Factorsarrow_forward
- Can you explain it?arrow_forwardCan one transcription factor sometimes act as a repressor and sometimes act as an activator? a. Yes, but it depends on where the transcription factor binds in the promoter b. Yes, but it depends on other proteins that might act with the transcription factor c. No, transcription factors are always either activators or repressors d. Yes, but only if a mutation happensarrow_forwardSpecific transcription factors in eukaryotes interact with enhancers, which may be a long distance from the promoter. These transcription factors then a. alter the structure of the DNA between enhancer and promoter. b. do not interact with the transcription apparatus. c. can interact with the transcription apparatus via DNA looping. d. can interact with the transcription apparatus by removing the intervening DNA.arrow_forward
- A signaling pathway causes a transcription factor binding to a particular promoter. What effect does this have on the cell? O A. The DNA region near the promoter becomes more methylated. O B. The DNA region near the promoter becomes less methylated. O C. The gene related to this promoter has increased transcription. D. The gene related to this promoter has decreased transcription. red MacBook Air 吕口 F3 D00 F4 F6 F7 F8 88 # $ % & * 2 3 4 6 7 8arrow_forwardA particular gene is transcribed in the liver and pancreas cells, but not in other organs. Explain how this transcriptional is achieved. In your answer explain the role of enhancers and transcription factors.arrow_forwardWhat determines which transcription factors will be able to regulate a particular gene's expression? A. The collection of control element sequences that are associated with that gene B. The location of that gene sequence (which chromosome it is located on) C. The sequence of introns present in that gene D. The sequence of exons present in that gene ..arrow_forward
- Through alternative splicing, eukaryotes (a) reinforce gene inactivation (b) prevent transcription of heterochromatin (c) produce related but different proteins in different tissues (d) amplify genes to meet the requirement of high levels of a gene product (e) bind transcription factors to enhancers to activate transcriptionarrow_forwarda. Use circles for activators and squares for repressors. Draw the shapes bound to each promoter region. b. Under the word gene write “ON” or “OFF” to indicate if the gene is transcribed or not under the different conditions.arrow_forwardAssembly of transcription initiation complexes is mainly controlled by? a. Promotors b. Activators c. Repressors d. Suppressors e. B & Carrow_forward
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