Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 6TYK
Summary Introduction

Introduction:

Gene expression is the process that involves synthesis of protein from nucleotide sequence of a gene. It includes transcription and translation. The activation of transcription is the first step in the gene expression of eukaryotes.

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Which statement/s is/are TRUE about transcription?A. During transcription, DNA polymerase binds to RNA and separates the DNA strands.B. RNA polymerase uses one strand of DNA as a template to assemble nucleotides into a strand of RNA.C. RNA polymerase binds only to DNA promoters, which have specific base sequences.D. Promoters are signals in RNA that indicate to RNA polymerase where to begin transcription.E. Transcription occurs in the 3’ to 5’ direction with respect to the growing mRNA strand.
Why is regulating transcription the main way that cells control gene expression?     A. Because transcription is the last step in gene expression, stopping here ensures that the cell has a stockpile of proteins to prepare them from all unexpected environmental changes.   B. Because transcription involves interactions with DNA, preventing transcription reduces the changes of mutation in the cell’s genome.   C. Because transcription is the first step in gene expression, stopping at transcription reduces the amount of energy and resources used by producing unnecessary gene products.   D. Because transcription is the shortest step in gene expression, preventing transcription has little effect on the rate of protein production.
Which of the following is true of CpG islands? a. They are methylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. b. They are unmethylated near promoters of actively transcribed genes. c. Acetylation of CpG islands leads to repression of transcription. d. CpG islands code for RNA molecules that activate transcription.
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