Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 10TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) methylation causes the silencing of gene expression. When a methylated allele of a gene is inherited, then it is not expressed. The gene expression of an organism depends on the inherited allele of the parent.
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Pax-6 is a gene that is involved in eye formation in many invertebrates, such as Drosophila. Pax-6 is also found in vertebrates. A Pax-6 gene from a mouse can be expressed in a fly and the protein (PAX-6) leads to a compound fly eye. This information suggests which of the following?
a. PAX-6 proteins have identical amino acid sequencesb. Pax-6 genes are identical in nucleotide sequencec. PAX-6 proteins are different for formation of different kinds of eyesd. Pax-6 is highly conserved and shows shared evolutionary ancestry
Environmental factors can influence the gene expression in some organisms.
a. Describe how environmental factors can affect an organism's phenotype.
b. Explain how light exposure can affect gene expression in organisms of the same
species. Provide an example.
1a) Why is it possible for you to study the eye colour gene by extracting cheek cells?
a. Because the nucleus of every cell in the human body contains the same genetic information.
b. Because the cheek cells are located near the cells of the eye and so they are able to exchange DNA.
c. Because all genes in the human body are expressed at all times so it is easy to study them.
d. All of the above are possible explanations.
1b) What is the purpose of heating the sample to 75°C following addition of the 0.2M NaOH solution?
a. To denature the histone proteins that are keeping the DNA tightly coiled.
b. To ensure that all the DNA is removed from the swab in preparation for PCR.
c. To breakdown the cheek cell membrane to release the DNA from the cell.
d. It breaks down the circular DNA down into linear fragments so that they will be easier to visualize.i
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 16.1 - Suppose the lacl gene is mutated so that the Lac...Ch. 16.1 - Answer the equivalent question for the trp operon:...Ch. 16.2 - What is the role of histones in gene expression?...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 16 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16 - For the E. coli lac operon, when lactose is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 16 - Discuss Concepts In a mutant strain of E. coli,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 16 - Design an experiment using rats as the model...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 4ITD
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- Which of the following scenarios best describes an epistatic gene? Select one: a. Fur pattern is controlled by two genes such that one gene inhibits the expression of the other gene. b. Chicken combs follow a dominance hierarchy whereby a walnut comb is the most dominant and a single comb is the least dominant. c. Individuals with sickle cell anemia and carriers of the sickle cell allele have some resistance to malaria. d. Mouse fur colours are expressed as a blend of the dominant black colour and the recessive white colour, resulting in a heterozygous brown colour.arrow_forwardIn mammals, males have X and Y sex chromosomes, while females have two Xs. While the Y sex chromosome has very few genes associated with it, the X sex chromosome has many that are important to maintain life. How do mammals account for this in terms of equaling out gene expression levels? A. Mammals do not need to account for this, but birds do. B. Females produce more proteins from X-linked genes than males do. C. The single X of the males works twice as hard to keep up with the female’s two Xs. D. The females have one X inactivated to permit the males to keep pace with them.arrow_forwardFor the Igf2 gene, where do de novo methylation and maintenancemethylation occur?a. De novo methylation occurs in sperm, and maintenancemethylation occurs in egg cells.b. De novo methylation occurs in egg cells, and maintenancemethylation occurs in sperm cells.c. De novo methylation occurs in sperm, and maintenancemethylation occurs in somatic cells of offspring.d. De novo methylation occurs in egg cells, and maintenancemethylation occurs in somatic cells of offspring.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about calico cats is true? Select all that apply. Black fur sections are found in regions that are formed from cells that inactivated the X chromosome with the orange allele of the fur color gene. a. Black and orange sections of fur on calico cats will always be the same size, since X chromosome inactivation always happens at the same stage of development. b. Black fur sections are found in regions that are formed from cells that inactivated the paternal X chromosome. C. Black sections of fur in calico cats will always be located on the same body locations. d. Calico cats are only females, except in cases of chromosomal number abnormalities. D e.arrow_forwardImagine a scenario in which prenatal testing of a human female fetus indicates that the baby will have a normal XX karyotype but is heterozygous for a mutation that inactivates the Xist promoter. Allele “Xr” represents the mutated version of the Xist promoter, and “XR” represents the normal version of the Xist promoter. How will this mutation affect the process of X inactivation?A. "X inactivation will still be random with both mutant and normal X chromosomes being randomly inactivated" B. "The chromosome with the mutant Xist promoter will always be active" C. "The chromosome with the mutant Xist promoter will always be inactivated" D. "The normal X chromosome (no mutation in Xist) will always be active" E. "The normal X chromosome (no mutation in Xist) will always be inactivated"arrow_forwardDNA methylation prevents gene expression. Methylation and de-methylation are stimulated by a variety of environmental factors. Methylation patterns in DNA can be passed onto daughter cells including eggs and sperm. An implication of these facts is that Group of answer choices A. methylation is rare B. fewer and fewer genes will be expressed each generation C. more genes will be expressed in offspring than in their parents D. old individuals will express fewer genes than young individuals E. environmental effects on individuals can have effects on their offspringarrow_forward
- In mice, the A allele causes agouti fur, the AY allele causes yellow fur and is dominant to the A allele. The homozygous AY AY genotype is lethal. Why is the AYAY homozygous condition lethal? The AY allele lacks an upstream merc gene which is required for normal embryonic development. The AY allele contains a null mutation in the A gene, which is required for normal embryonic development. The yellow pigment produced by A allele is required for survival. The AY allele highly transcribes the merc gene which is lethal in a homozygous AYAY individual. None of the other answers are correct.arrow_forwardWhat is the difference between a maternal-effect gene and a zygotic gene? Of the following genes that play a role in Drosophila development, which are maternal-effect genes and which are zygotic? Explain your answer. A. nanos B. Antp C. bicoid D. labarrow_forwardhelparrow_forward
- In Drosophila, the wildtype eye color is black. In the laboratory, you screened for mutants than when homozygous results to different eye phenotypes. You found two mutants 1) red eye (re) and 2) white eye (we). You performed a complementation test and the resulting eye phenotype was gray. From the results, what conclusion can you make? A. There was complementation, thus the two mutations are alleles of different genes. B. There was no complementation, thus the two mutations are alleles of different genes. C. The two mutations failed to complement, thus they are alleles of different genes. D. The two mutations failed to complement, thus they are alleles of the same genes. E. The two mutations complemented, hence they are likely controlled by different genes.arrow_forwardAt birth a child has got blue eyes, but now his/her eyes turn brown. Which of the following statements would best explain the observed phenomena? A. The child does not have brown pigment at birth B. Eye’s colour at birth is affected by mother’s gene C. Gene repressor for brown pigment produced is not yet active D. Gene activatior for brown pigment production is not yet active at birth E. All of the above statements are falsearrow_forwardIf a Drosophila female that is homozygous for an X-linked recessive mutation is bred with a male that carries the corresponding wild-type allele, the offspring will..... a. show the mutant phenotype in all individuals. b. be uniform wild-type. c. show a phenotype intermediate to the parents' phenotype. d. show the mutant phenotype in all males and the wild-type phenotype in all females. e. have mutant and wild-type males and mutant and wild-type females.arrow_forward
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