Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
4th Edition
ISBN: 9781305389892
Author: Peter J. Russell, Paul E. Hertz, Beverly McMillan
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 16, Problem 7TYK
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Gene expression is the process that involves synthesis of protein from the
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microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in gene regulation. What is the correct order of steps (using letters A - E) for miRNA biogenesis or formation?
A. Synthesis of pri-miRNA
B. Targeting of mRNA for translation repression or mRNA degradation
C. Loading into RISC complex
D. Formation of mature miRNA
E. Formation of pre-miRNA
O AECDB
O CDAEB
O ACBDE
O ADCEB
O ECABD
Let’s suppose that the overexpression of a particular miRNA was associatedwith pancreatic cancer. Which of the following agents might be effective in treating this type of cancer?a. Enoxacinb. A DNA demethylating agentc. An anti-miRNA oligonucleotided. Both a and b
A particular mature miRNA (microRNA) in mice has sequence 5'-UUCCCUGAGACCUCAAGUGUGA-3'.
a. If you wanted to predict which mouse mRNAs are regulated by this miRNA, what would you look
for? Choose one or more.
i. mRNA sequence the same as the miRNA sequence
ii. mRNA sequence complementary to the miRNA sequence
iii. mRNA sequence including a RISC binding site
iv.
mRNA sequence including 5'-CUCAGGGAA-3'
v. mRNA sequence including 5'-UUCCCUGAG-3'
b. Your sequence analysis predicts that 200 mRNAs may be targets of this miRNA. You engineer
mouse cells that produce an excess of this miRNA. For the real targets, we predict that
in these cells over-expressing the miRNA, compared to the unmodified cells.
Choose one or more, and explain.
i. The target gene is deleted in cells with an excess of the miRNA
ii.
The target is translated less in cells with an excess of the miRNA
iii. The target is translated more in cells with an excess of the miRNA
iv. There is more of the target mRNA in cells with an…
Chapter 16 Solutions
Biology: The Dynamic Science (MindTap Course List)
Ch. 16.1 - Suppose the lacl gene is mutated so that the Lac...Ch. 16.1 - Answer the equivalent question for the trp operon:...Ch. 16.2 - What is the role of histones in gene expression?...Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.3 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.3 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.4 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.4 - Prob. 2SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 1SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 2SB
Ch. 16.5 - Prob. 3SBCh. 16.5 - Prob. 4SBCh. 16 - Prob. 1TYKCh. 16 - For the E. coli lac operon, when lactose is...Ch. 16 - Prob. 3TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 4TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 5TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 6TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 7TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 8TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 9TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 10TYKCh. 16 - Discuss Concepts In a mutant strain of E. coli,...Ch. 16 - Prob. 12TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 13TYKCh. 16 - Prob. 14TYKCh. 16 - Design an experiment using rats as the model...Ch. 16 - Prob. 1ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 2ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 3ITDCh. 16 - Prob. 4ITD
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- For each item in the left column, enter in the indicated space the best match from the right column. Right Column Match A group of proteins that promote gene silencing by including specific siRNAS and/or miRNAS A. Pasha (partner of Drosha) B. let-7 (miRNA) It converts primary miRNAs (pri-MİRNA) into precursor miRNAS (pre-miRNAS) for miRNA maturation C. RISC (complex) It is a gene whose transcript is targeted for degradation when it is bound by miRNAS D. lin-4 (MRNA) It is processed by Dicer after exogenous dsRNAS, were injected (typically not encoded in an organism's genome) E. SİRNA (short interfering RNA) It is processed from a pri-miRNA expressed by the cell and binds to MRNAS of other genes to promote their degradation F. HRDE-1 (Argonaute) It directs gene-silencing in germ cells leading to multigenerational RNAI inheritancearrow_forwardWhat are the differences between miRNA and siRNA? (Select all that apply.) OmiRNAs carry the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm, and siRNAs are involved in the degradation of specific mRNA molecules. miRNAs are from 22 to 30 bases long, and siRNAs are 22 bases long. O miRNAs carry the genetic information from the DNA in the nucleus directly to the cytoplasm, and siRNAs help with the processing of the initial mRNA transcribed from DNA into a mature form. miRNAs prevent translation of certain mRNAs, and siRNAs are involved in the degradation of specific mRNA molecules. miRNAs are 20 to 22 bases long, and siRNAs are from 20 to 30 bases long.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast the origins and functions of miRNA and siRNAarrow_forward
- Arrange the statements in their proper order by writing the corresponding letter (e.g. A) for each statement in the space provided below. A. The single-stranded RNA would complement the target RNA. B. Gene expression is inactivated once the mRNA is no longer accessible for translation. C. The risk-induced silencing complex which is composed of RNA and protein subunits is formed. D. Double-stranded, non-coding RNA is cleaved by Dicer. E. The mRNA can be cleaved or remain bound by the RISC. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.arrow_forwardCompare and contrast miRNAs and siRNAs [may have more than one correct answer]. A Both miRNA and siRNA are double stranded RNAs B Both miRNA and siRNA use the RISC machinery C siRNAs use imprecise matching while miRNAs use precise matching D siRNA use slicer proteins while miRNA uses dicer proteins E siRNAs use precise matching while miRNAs use imprecise matchingarrow_forwardMatch each factor involved in miRNA biogenesis with its function pri-miRNA forms a hairpin that is recognized by Drosha and DGCR8 A. Drosha and DGCR8 cleave non-complementary tails off pri-miRNAS B. exportin 5 C. transfers pre-miRNA from the nucleus to the cytoplasm Dicer D. processes pre-miRNAS into mature 20-25 nt miRNAS binds to mRNAs and represses their translation or targets them for degradation Е. RISCarrow_forward
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusionarrow_forwardChoose the item in column 2 that best matches each item in column 1. A. Provides information for production of protein B. Binds to promoter C. Promoter has a box A and box B consensus sequences D. Autocatalytic RNA molecules E. Associated with transcription termination F. Polymerization of ribonucleotides to form RNA molecules G. 7-methyl guanosine H. MRNA prior to processing select - 1. Core RNA polymerase select 2. rho (p) factor select 3. hnRNA select - 4. RNA select -5. RNA polymerase holoenzyme select 6. Ribozymes select - 7. 5' MRNA cap select 8. MRNAarrow_forwardWhich of the following statements are true about eukaryotic mRNA?a. The sigma factor is essential for the correct initiationof transcription.b. Processing of the nascent mRNA may begin beforeits transcription is complete.c. Processing takes place in the cytoplasm.d. Termination is accomplished by the use of a hairpinloop or the use of the rho factor.e. Many RNAs can be transcribed simultaneously fromone DNA templatearrow_forward
- You are a research scientist studying miRNA processing. You currently know everything about the pathway except for one detail: whether Dicer resides in the nucleus or in the cytoplasm. You have an experiment setup where you have a miRNA that completely complements the GFP (green fluorescent protein) gene in a model yeast cell. You plan to mutate Exportin 5 and make it dysfunctional, then you will inject synthetic pre-miRNA either in its double strand form or its hairpin single strand form into the cell. Should you inject the synthetic pre-miRNA into the nucleus or the cytoplasm? a) b) If you inject hairpin single stranded pre-miRNA into the appropriate location in the cell, what color do you expect the yeast to be if Dicer is in the nucleus? What color would the yeast be if Dicer is in the cytoplasm? Briefly explain your reasoning.arrow_forward(a) Match the following list of RNAS (left side) with their function(s) (right side). w. MRNA X. rRNA y. snoRNA Z. snRNA aa, †RNA bb. scaRNA i. block translation of elected mRNAs ii. modification and processing of rRNA iii. modification of snoRNA and snRNA iv. components of ribosome v. spilicing of RNA transcripts vi. directs degradation of selected mRNAs vii. codes for proteins viii. adaptor for protein synthesis cc. miRNA dd. SİRNAarrow_forwardMatch each of the following descriptions to the type of regulatory RNA affecting a "target" gene (aka, the gene the regulatory RNA is regulating). Use each answer once. This regulatory RNA may increase siRNA transcription of the target gene by recruiting activator proteins. secondary structures on RNA can become... IncRNA these regulatory RNAs regulate gene miRNA expression post transcriptionally generally by binding to the 3'-UTR regions of their target RNAs > >arrow_forward
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QCE Biology: Introduction to Gene Expression; Author: Atomi;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a7hydUtCIJk;License: Standard YouTube License, CC-BY