Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(a)
Answer to Problem 16.22EP
The condensed structural formula is,
Explanation of Solution
Given name of carboxylic acid is 2,3-dichlorohexanoic acid.
From the name it is identified that the parent carbon chain is hexane and the substituent present in the chain are two chlorine atoms, each on second and third carbon atom. The first carbon atom is from the carboxyl group. The structure can be drawn as,
The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn as shown above.
The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.
(b)
Interpretation:
Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(b)
Answer to Problem 16.22EP
The condensed structural formula is,
Explanation of Solution
Given name of carboxylic acid is 2,3-dichlorohexanedioic acid.
From the name it is identified that the parent carbon chain is hexane and the substituent present in the chain are two chlorine atoms, each on second and third carbon atom. In the given name suffix “-dioic acid” is present. Therefore, this compound should have two carboxyl groups in it. The first carbon atom and sixth carbon is from the two carboxyl groups. The structure can be drawn as,
The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn as shown above.
The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.
(c)
Interpretation:
Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(c)
Answer to Problem 16.22EP
The condensed structural formula is,
Explanation of Solution
Given name of carboxylic acid is 2,3-dichlorocyclopentanecarboxylic acid.
From the name it is identified that the parent carbon chain is cyclopentane and the substituent present in the chain are two chlorine atoms, each on second carbon atom and third carbon atom. In the given name suffix “-carboxylic acid” is present. Therefore, this compound should have a carboxyl group attached to the cyclopentane ring. The carbon atom in the ring where the carboxyl group is attached is the first carbon atom. The structure can be drawn as,
The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn as shown above.
The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.
(d)
Interpretation:
Condensed structural formula has to be drawn for the given carboxylic acid.
Concept Introduction:
The structural representation of organic compound can be done in 2D and 3D. In two-dimensional representation, there are four types of representation in which an organic compound can be drawn. They are,
- Expanded structural formula
- Condensed structural formula
- Skeletal structural formula
- Line-angle structural formula
Structural formula which shows all the atoms in a molecule along with all the bonds that is connecting the atoms present in the molecule is known as Expanded structural formula.
Structural formula in which grouping of atoms are done and in which the central atoms along with the other atoms are connected to them are treated as group is known as Condensed structural formula.
Structural formula that shows the bonding between carbon atoms alone in the molecule ignoring the hydrogen atoms being shown explicitly is known as Skeletal structural formula.
Structural formula where a line represent carbon‑carbon bond and the carbon atom is considered to be present in each point and the end of lines is known as Line-angle structural formula.
(d)
Answer to Problem 16.22EP
The condensed structural formula is,
Explanation of Solution
Given name of carboxylic acid is 3,5-dichlorobenzenecarboxylic acid.
From the name it is identified that the parent carbon chain is benzene and the substituent present in the chain are two chlorine atoms, each on third carbon atom and fifth carbon atom. In the given name suffix “-carboxylic acid” is present. Therefore, this compound should have a carboxyl group attached to the benzene ring. The carbon atom in the ring where the carboxyl group is attached is the first carbon atom. The structure can be drawn as,
The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn as shown above.
The condensed structural formula for the given carboxylic acid is drawn.
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Chapter 16 Solutions
Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card
- Determine if the following salt is neutral, acidic or basic. If acidic or basic, write the appropriate equilibrium equation for the acid or base that exists when the salt is dissolved in aqueous solution. If neutral, simply write only NR. Be sure to include the proper phases for all species within the reaction LiNO3arrow_forwardAn unknown weak acid with a concentration of 0.410 M has a pH of 5.600. What is the Ka of the weak acid?arrow_forward(racemic) 19.84 Using your reaction roadmaps as a guide, show how to convert 2-oxepanone and ethanol into 1-cyclopentenecarbaldehyde. You must use 2-oxepanone as the source of all carbon atoms in the target molecule. Show all reagents and all molecules synthesized along the way. & + EtOH H 2-Oxepanone 1-Cyclopentenecarbaldehydearrow_forward
- R₂ R₁ R₁ a R Rg Nu R₂ Rg R₁ R R₁₂ R3 R R Nu enolate forming R₁ R B-Alkylated carbonyl species or amines Cyclic B-Ketoester R₁₁ HOB R R₁B R R₁₂ B-Hydroxy carbonyl R diester R2 R3 R₁ RB OR R₂ 0 aB-Unsaturated carbonyl NaOR Aldol HOR reaction 1) LDA 2) R-X 3) H₂O/H₂O ketone, aldehyde 1) 2°-amine 2) acid chloride 3) H₂O'/H₂O 0 O R₁ R₁ R R₁ R₁₂ Alkylated a-carbon R₁ H.C R₁ H.C Alkylated methyl ketone acetoacetic ester B-Ketoester ester R₁ HO R₂ R B-Dicarbonyl HO Alkylated carboxylic acid malonic ester Write the reagents required to bring about each reaction next to the arrows shown. Next, record any regiochemistry or stereochemistry considerations relevant to the reaction. You should also record any key aspects of the mechanism, such as forma- tion of an important intermediate, as a helpful reminder. You may want to keep track of all reactions that make carbon-carbon bonds, because these help you build large molecules from smaller fragments. This especially applies to the reactions in…arrow_forwardProvide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.arrow_forwardIdentify which compound is more acidic. Justify your choice.arrow_forward
- Provide the reasonable steps to achieve the following synthesis.arrow_forwardWhen anisole is treated with excess bromine, the reaction gives a product which shows two singlets in 1H NMR. Draw the product.arrow_forward(ii) Draw a reasonable mechanism for the following reaction: CI NaOH heat OH (hint: SNAr Reaction) :arrow_forward
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