IUPAC name for the fumaric acid has to be given. Concept Introduction: For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature , the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name. IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid: The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group. The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”. Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde , the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1. The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name. If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix. If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

Question

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the fumaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is trans-butenedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of fumaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 1

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The structure contains a double bond in it. The parent carbon chain is butene. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 2

Looking for substituents it is found that there are no substituents present in the carbon chain. Stereochemistry is possible across the double bond. As the two hydrogen atoms are on the opposite side of double bond, the configuration at the double bond is “trans”. This has to be included in the name to get the IUPAC name. IUPAC name of the fumaric acid is found as trans-butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 3

Conclusion

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is given.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the pyruvic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of pyruvic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 4

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a three carbon chain. The parent alkane is propane. The given structure contains a carboxyl group. The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” with suffix “-oic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as propanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 5

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a keto group present on the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the malic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of malic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 7

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 8

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a hydroxyl group at the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 9

Conclusion

IUPAC name of malic acid is given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the tartaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of tartaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 10

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 11

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two hydroxyl groups present, each at the second carbon atom and third carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 12

Conclusion

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is given.

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Using the following two half-reactions, determine the pH range in which $NO_2^-\ (aq)$ cannot be found as the predominant chemical species in water.* $NO_3^-(aq)+10H^+(aq)+8e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+3H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=14.88$* $NO_2^-(aq)+8H^+(aq)+6e^-\rightarrow NH_4^+(aq)+2H_2O(l),\ pE^{\circ}=15.08$

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the fumaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is trans-butenedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of fumaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 1

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The structure contains a double bond in it. The parent carbon chain is butene. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 2

Looking for substituents it is found that there are no substituents present in the carbon chain. Stereochemistry is possible across the double bond. As the two hydrogen atoms are on the opposite side of double bond, the configuration at the double bond is “trans”. This has to be included in the name to get the IUPAC name. IUPAC name of the fumaric acid is found as trans-butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 3

Conclusion

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is given.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the pyruvic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of pyruvic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 4

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a three carbon chain. The parent alkane is propane. The given structure contains a carboxyl group. The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” with suffix “-oic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as propanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 5

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a keto group present on the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the malic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of malic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 7

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 8

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a hydroxyl group at the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 9

Conclusion

IUPAC name of malic acid is given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the tartaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of tartaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 10

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 11

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two hydroxyl groups present, each at the second carbon atom and third carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 12

Conclusion

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is given.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the fumaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is trans-butenedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of fumaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 1

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The structure contains a double bond in it. The parent carbon chain is butene. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 2

Looking for substituents it is found that there are no substituents present in the carbon chain. Stereochemistry is possible across the double bond. As the two hydrogen atoms are on the opposite side of double bond, the configuration at the double bond is “trans”. This has to be included in the name to get the IUPAC name. IUPAC name of the fumaric acid is found as trans-butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 3

Conclusion

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is given.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the pyruvic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of pyruvic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 4

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a three carbon chain. The parent alkane is propane. The given structure contains a carboxyl group. The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” with suffix “-oic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as propanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 5

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a keto group present on the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the malic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of malic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 7

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 8

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a hydroxyl group at the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 9

Conclusion

IUPAC name of malic acid is given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the tartaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of tartaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 10

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 11

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two hydroxyl groups present, each at the second carbon atom and third carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 12

Conclusion

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is given.

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Subscribe now to access step-by-step solutions to millions of textbook problems written by subject matter experts!

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the fumaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is trans-butenedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of fumaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 1

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The structure contains a double bond in it. The parent carbon chain is butene. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 2

Looking for substituents it is found that there are no substituents present in the carbon chain. Stereochemistry is possible across the double bond. As the two hydrogen atoms are on the opposite side of double bond, the configuration at the double bond is “trans”. This has to be included in the name to get the IUPAC name. IUPAC name of the fumaric acid is found as trans-butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 3

Conclusion

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is given.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the pyruvic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of pyruvic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 4

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a three carbon chain. The parent alkane is propane. The given structure contains a carboxyl group. The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” with suffix “-oic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as propanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 5

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a keto group present on the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the malic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of malic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 7

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 8

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a hydroxyl group at the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 9

Conclusion

IUPAC name of malic acid is given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the tartaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of tartaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 10

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 11

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two hydroxyl groups present, each at the second carbon atom and third carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 12

Conclusion

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is given.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the fumaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is trans-butenedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of fumaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 1

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The structure contains a double bond in it. The parent carbon chain is butene. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 2

Looking for substituents it is found that there are no substituents present in the carbon chain. Stereochemistry is possible across the double bond. As the two hydrogen atoms are on the opposite side of double bond, the configuration at the double bond is “trans”. This has to be included in the name to get the IUPAC name. IUPAC name of the fumaric acid is found as trans-butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 3

Conclusion

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is given.

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the pyruvic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of pyruvic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 4

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a three carbon chain. The parent alkane is propane. The given structure contains a carboxyl group. The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” with suffix “-oic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as propanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 5

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a keto group present on the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is given.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the malic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of malic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 7

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 8

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a hydroxyl group at the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 9

Conclusion

IUPAC name of malic acid is given.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the tartaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of tartaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 10

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 11

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two hydroxyl groups present, each at the second carbon atom and third carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 12

Conclusion

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is given.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the fumaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is trans-butenedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of fumaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 1

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The structure contains a double bond in it. The parent carbon chain is butene. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 2

Looking for substituents it is found that there are no substituents present in the carbon chain. Stereochemistry is possible across the double bond. As the two hydrogen atoms are on the opposite side of double bond, the configuration at the double bond is “trans”. This has to be included in the name to get the IUPAC name. IUPAC name of the fumaric acid is found as trans-butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 3

Conclusion

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is given.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the fumaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

Answer 8

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is trans-butenedioic acid.

Answer 9

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 10

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 11

Expert Solution

Answer 12

Explanation of Solution

Structure of fumaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 1

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The structure contains a double bond in it. The parent carbon chain is butene. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 2

Looking for substituents it is found that there are no substituents present in the carbon chain. Stereochemistry is possible across the double bond. As the two hydrogen atoms are on the opposite side of double bond, the configuration at the double bond is “trans”. This has to be included in the name to get the IUPAC name. IUPAC name of the fumaric acid is found as trans-butenedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 3

Answer 13

Conclusion

IUPAC name of fumaric acid is given.

Answer 14

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the pyruvic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of pyruvic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 4

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a three carbon chain. The parent alkane is propane. The given structure contains a carboxyl group. The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” with suffix “-oic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as propanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 5

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a keto group present on the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 6

Conclusion

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is given.

Answer 15

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the pyruvic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

Answer 16

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Answer 17

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 18

(a)

Expert Solution

Answer 19

Expert Solution

Answer 20

Explanation of Solution

Structure of pyruvic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 4

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a three carbon chain. The parent alkane is propane. The given structure contains a carboxyl group. The carboxylic acid is named by replacing the suffix “-e” with suffix “-oic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as propanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 5

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a keto group present on the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the pyruvic acid is 2-oxopropanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 6

Answer 21

Conclusion

IUPAC name of pyruvic acid is given.

Answer 22

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the malic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of malic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 7

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 8

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a hydroxyl group at the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 9

Conclusion

IUPAC name of malic acid is given.

Answer 23

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the malic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

Answer 24

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanedioic acid.

Answer 25

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 26

(c)

Expert Solution

Answer 27

Expert Solution

Answer 28

Explanation of Solution

Structure of malic acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 7

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 8

Looking for substituents it is found that there is a hydroxyl group at the second carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the malic acid is 2-hydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 9

Answer 29

Conclusion

IUPAC name of malic acid is given.

Answer 30

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the tartaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.

Explanation of Solution

Structure of tartaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 10

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 11

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two hydroxyl groups present, each at the second carbon atom and third carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 12

Conclusion

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is given.

Answer 31

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

IUPAC name for the tartaric acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

For naming a carboxylic acid in IUPAC nomenclature, the suffix “-oic” is added to the parent alkane name.

IUPAC rules for naming a carboxylic acid:

The longest parent carbon chain is identified that includes the carboxyl group.

The parent chain name is changed by replacing the suffix “-e” with “-oic acid”.

Numbering is done in a way that the carboxyl group is designated as number 1. This is not indicated in the part of the name because for aldehyde, the carboxyl carbon is always numbered 1.

The identity and location of substituents if any has to be determined and this information has to be added in front of the IUPAC name.

If the carboxyl functional group is attached to a ring of carbon atoms, the ring is named and “-carboxylic acid” is added as suffix.

If the compound contains two carboxyl groups, then suffix “-dioic acid” is added after the parent alkane name.

Answer 32

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer to Problem 16.34EP

IUPAC name of tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanedioic acid.

Answer 33

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 34

(d)

Expert Solution

Answer 35

Expert Solution

Answer 36

Explanation of Solution

Structure of tartaric acid is,

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 10

The longest continuous carbon chain has to be found out with the carboxyl group in it. In this it is a four carbon chain. The parent alkane is butane. The given structure contains two carboxyl groups. The carboxylic acid is named by adding the suffix “-dioic acid”. This gives the name of carboxylic acid as butanedioic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 11

Looking for substituents it is found that there are two hydroxyl groups present, each at the second carbon atom and third carbon atom. Hence, the IUPAC name of the tartaric acid is 2,3-dihydroxybutanoic acid.

Bundle: General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry, 7th + OWLv2 Quick Prep for General Chemistry, 4 terms (24 months) Printed Access Card, Chapter 16, Problem 16.34EP , additional homework tip 12