Physical state at room temperature for oxalic acid has to be given. Concept Introduction: Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group . Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Question

Using the critical constants for water (refer to the table in the lecture slides), calculate the second virial coefficient. Assume that the compression factor (Z) is expressed as an expansion series in terms of pressure.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.43EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for oxalic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for decanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for hexanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

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Using the critical constants for water (refer to the table in the lecture slides), calculate the second virial coefficient. Assume that the compression factor (Z) is expressed as an expansion series in terms of pressure.

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.43EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for oxalic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for decanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for hexanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.43EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for oxalic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for decanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for hexanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 16, Problem 16.43EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for oxalic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for decanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for hexanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

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Answer 5

Chapter 16, Problem 16.43EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for oxalic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for decanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for hexanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 6

Chapter 16, Problem 16.43EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for oxalic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 7

Chapter 16, Problem 16.43EP

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for oxalic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for decanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for decanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for hexanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for hexanoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Physical state at room temperature for benzoic acid has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

Physical property of carboxylic acid is decided by the carbon chain and the functional group. Carboxylic acids are highly polar, as the carboxyl group is more polar. Due to this polar nature, the melting and boiling point are very high. Monocarboxylic acids that are unsubstituted which contains up to nine carbon atoms are present in liquid state. They have very sharp odor. Monocarboxylic acids that have more than ten carbon atoms in an unbranched fashion are waxy solids. They do not have any odor because of low volatility. Similar to this, dicarboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acids do not have any odor and they are solids.

Answer 14

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Answer 25

Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 16.1 - Prob. 5QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 1QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 2QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 3QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 4QQ Ch. 16.2 - Prob. 5QQ

Solution Summary: The author explains that the physical state of oxalic acid is determined by the carbon chain and the functional group.

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Chapter 16 Solutions