Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 5RQ
How many
- 12
- 24
- 36
- 43
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Table 1. The Genetic Code: Codons and Their Amino Acids
First Two Nucleotides
of Codons
Last Nucleotide of Codons
The Amino Acids
A
UU
phe
phe
leu
leu
Abbreviations
Names
UC
gly
glycine
ser
ser
ser
ser
UA
tyr
tyr
term
ala
alanine
term
val
valine
UG
cys
cys
term
trp
ile
isoleucine
leu
leucine
CU
leu
leu
leu
leu
ser
serine
CC
pro
pro
pro
pro
threonine
proline
aspartate
glutamate
lysine
arginine
thr
CA
his
his
gin
gin
pro
asp
glu
lys
CG
arg
arg
arg
arg
AU
le
ile
ile
met
AC
thr
thr
thr
thr
arg
asparagine
glutamine
cysteine
methlonine
asn
AA
lys
lys
asn
asn
gin
AG
ser
ser
arg
arg
cys
met
GU
val
val
val
val
trp
phe
tryptophan
phenylalanine
tyrosine
histidine
GC
ala
ala
ala
ala
tyr
his
GA
asp
asp
glu
glu
GG
gly
gly
gly
gly
term
termination
3. Use Table 1 to read the codons below. Find the name of the amino acid and write it in the space provided. If
the letters code for more than one amino acid, separate the names by dashes.
b. UUA:
c. GAG:
d. UAUCUA:
e. AUCUUG:
f. AAGAGUUCG:
g. AAAUUUGGG:
h.…
(ol soupe bannos96 SAM 3
A small strand of DNA has this sequence: 0pxbeter owl nade hoparg
TACCGGAAACTG
ATGGCCTTTGAC
a. If the TOP strand is the template strand, what will be the mRNA made
from this DNA read from left to right? What process allows for the mRNA
to be made?
b. If this is a eukaryotic mRNA, where does transcription occur? What would
happen if the mRNA was not processed?
c. What is the sequence of the protein made (use the genetic code below)?
What process allows for the protein to be made?
How many 3 base sequences are in the Genetic Code?
O 12
20
22
O 64
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 15 - Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.13 Errors in splicing are implicated in...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial...Ch. 15 - The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify...Ch. 15 - How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? 12 24...Ch. 15 - Which event contradicts the central dogma of...Ch. 15 - Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers...Ch. 15 - The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters...Ch. 15 - Three different bacteria species have the...Ch. 15 - Which feature of promoters can be found in both...
Ch. 15 - What transcripts will be most affected by low...Ch. 15 - How do enhancers and promoters differ? Enhancers...Ch. 15 - Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for...Ch. 15 - What processing step enhances the stability of...Ch. 15 - A scientist identifies a pre-mRNA with the...Ch. 15 - The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in...Ch. 15 - In any given species, there are at least how many...Ch. 15 - A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the...Ch. 15 - Imagine if there were 200 commonly occurring amino...Ch. 15 - Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes...Ch. 15 - A scientist sequencing itiRNA identifies the...Ch. 15 - If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template...Ch. 15 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 15 - A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3’...Ch. 15 - A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA...Ch. 15 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients often harbor...Ch. 15 - Transcribe and translate the following DNA...Ch. 15 - Explain how single nucleotide changes can have...Ch. 15 - A normal mRNA that reads 5’ -...
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- A certain mRNA strand has the following nucleotide sequence: 5AUGACGUAUAACUUU3 What is the anticodon for each codon? What is the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide? (Use Figure 13-5 to help answer this question.) Figure 13-5 The genetic code The genetic code specifies all possible combinations of the three bases that compose codons in mRNA. Of the 64 possible codons, 61 specify amino acids (see Figure 3-17 for an explanation of abbreviations). The codon AUG specifies the amino acid methionine and also signals the ribosome to initiate translation (start). Three codonsUAA, UGA, and UAGdo not specify amino acids; they terminate polypeptide synthesis (stop).arrow_forwardThe genetic code is defined as a series of _______________ in _______________. (a) anticodons; tRNA (b) codons; DNA (c) anticodons; mRNA (d) codons; mRNA (e) codons and anticodons; rRNAarrow_forwardMost codons specify an _________ . a. protein c. amino acid b. polypeptide d. mRNAarrow_forward
- How many letters of an RNA molecule, in sequence, does it take to provide the code for a single amino acid? 1 2 3 4arrow_forwardTranslate the RNA codons using the given genetic code 5' A-U-C-G-A-C-G-A-U-C-C-G-A-U-C-G-A-U 3'arrow_forwardHere is an mRNA sequence (written 5' → 3') A A IC U JA A G JU A G A G A A C A 2. 3 4 5 6. 7. 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 | 18 |19 20 21 22 23 2425 26 2728 29 30 31 32 133 34 35 don't forget what you know about translation, frames, a) start and stop codons, etc. Write the translation below: Using the genetic code, translate the mRNA. b) c) d) e) Match the event with the # of the type of mutation (in the box below) it will produce (perhaps indirectly). Since there are 4 questions and 3 answers, you’ll obviously have to use something more than once. If you add a nucleotide between #13 and 14. If you change base #6 to a G If you change base #8 to a C If you change base #11 to an A Types of mutation 1. silent 2. missense 3. nonsense Second base U C UUU UCU UAU UGU phenylalanine (phe) UUC tyrosine (tyr) - cysteine (cys) C UAC UAA stop UAG stop UCC UGC UGA stop UGG tryptophan (trp) serine (ser) UUA UCA A leucine (leu) UUG UCG CCU ССС CUU CAU CGU histidine (his) CỤC C CUA CAC CGC C leucine…arrow_forward
- How many different aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are there in a cell? 64 20 61 45 30arrow_forwardWhat is unusual about the answers for Questions 13k, 13l, 13m, and 13n? Because the multiple codons exist for most amino acids, the genetic code is said to be _____________.arrow_forwardWhich of the lettered arrows in the diagram of translation indicates an amino acid? A/G|G A AUGGG A Carrow_forward
- Use the codon chart to determine the following RNA strand in amino acids (Remember to write it the same way the strand is): ACA-AGG-UUA-UGA second letter C A UAU Tyr U UUU UCU UGU Phe Cys UUC UCC UAC UGC C Ser UAA stop | UGA stop| A UAG stop UGG Trp UUA UCA UUG Le UCG CUU CCU CAU CGU His CUC ССС CAC CGC Leu Pro Arg CUA ССА САА CGA Gln СCG CAG CGG CUG AGU AAU Asn AUU ACU Ser AGC S AGA Arg AAC AUC } lle A AUA АСC Thr AAA Lys АСА AUG Met ACG AAG AGG GUU GCU GAU GGU Asp GAC GGC Gly GGA GCC GUC Val Ala GAA GAG } GUA GCA Glu GGG GUG GCG Your answer first letter ACUCAGUCAGUCAG third letterarrow_forwardIf you have 30 MRNA bases, how many amino acids would that code for? 10 3 1 O Oarrow_forwardA small section of MRNA codons has the following sequence: UGU GGU CAA CCG Some Amino Acids 1. Valine 2. Serine 3. Proline 4. Glycine 5. Arginine 6. Leucine 7. Histidine 8. Cysteine 9. Glutamine The amino acids listed above that are coded by the MRNA codons are , and Record your answer in order from left to right codons.arrow_forward
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