Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 17RQ
In any given species, there are at least how many types of aminoacyl tRNA synthetases?
- 20
- 40
- 100
- 200
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Which of the following cannot be said regarding aminoacyl tRNA synthetase?
It is essential for the correct reading of codons.
A single tRNA synthetase can attach different amino acids to their corresponding tRNA.
It is first activated when it catalyzes a reaction between ATP and an amino acid to form an aminoacyladenylic acid (amino acyl-AMP).
It is responsible for the attachment of the correct amino acid to the correct tRNA.
There is a different tRNA synthetase for each amino acid that will be attached to a tRNA.
The charging of a tRNA with an amino acid can be represented by the following equation:amino acid + tRNA + ATP → aminoacyl-tRNA + AMP + PPI where PPI is pyrophosphate (see figure 3–40). in the aminoacyl-tRNA, the amino acid and tRNA are linked with a high-energy covalent bond; a large portion of the energy derived from the hydrolysis of ATP is thus stored in this bond and is available to drive peptide bond formation at the later stages of protein synthesis. the free-energy change of the charging reaction shown in the equation is close to zero and therefore would not be expected to favor attachment of the amino acid to tRNA. Can you suggest a further step that could drive the reaction to completion?
What is the role of ATP(CTP): tRNA nucleotidyletransferase?
Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 15 - Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.13 Errors in splicing are implicated in...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial...Ch. 15 - The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify...Ch. 15 - How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? 12 24...Ch. 15 - Which event contradicts the central dogma of...Ch. 15 - Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers...Ch. 15 - The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters...Ch. 15 - Three different bacteria species have the...Ch. 15 - Which feature of promoters can be found in both...
Ch. 15 - What transcripts will be most affected by low...Ch. 15 - How do enhancers and promoters differ? Enhancers...Ch. 15 - Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for...Ch. 15 - What processing step enhances the stability of...Ch. 15 - A scientist identifies a pre-mRNA with the...Ch. 15 - The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in...Ch. 15 - In any given species, there are at least how many...Ch. 15 - A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the...Ch. 15 - Imagine if there were 200 commonly occurring amino...Ch. 15 - Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes...Ch. 15 - A scientist sequencing itiRNA identifies the...Ch. 15 - If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template...Ch. 15 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 15 - A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3’...Ch. 15 - A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA...Ch. 15 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients often harbor...Ch. 15 - Transcribe and translate the following DNA...Ch. 15 - Explain how single nucleotide changes can have...Ch. 15 - A normal mRNA that reads 5’ -...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- If an extra nucleotide is inserted in the first exon of the beta globin gene, what effect will it have on the amino acid sequence of the globin polypeptides? Will the globin most likely be fully functional, partly functional, or nonfunctional? Why?arrow_forwardThe following is a portion of a protein: met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-pro-thr-Various mutant forms of this protein have been recovered. Using the normal and mutant sequences, determine the DNA and mRNA sequences that code for this portion of the protein, and explain each of the mutations. a. met-trp- b. met-cys-ile-val-val-leu-gln- c. met-trp-tyr-arg-ser-pro-thr- d. met-trp-tyr-arg-gly-ala-val-ile-ser-pro-thr-arrow_forwardConsidering prokaryotes, what is the enzyme that links the tRNA molecules to its correct or cognate amino acid?arrow_forward
- The amino acid glycine is encoded by four codons: GGA, GGC, GGG, and GGU. Which of the following statements correctly explains this fact? The glycine anticodon contains the sequence CC, but the 5' base of the anticodon can pair nonspecifically with the 3' base of the codon. The glycine anticodon contains the sequence CC, but the 3' base of the anticodon can pair nonspecifically with the 5' base of the codon. Glycine tRNA has four anticodons, and the appropriate anticodon specifically pairs with the correct codon. There are four tRNAs for glycine, each of which has an anticodon that specifically pairs with the correct codon. all of the abovearrow_forwardIs the Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases in human cells specialized or non specialized? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich of the following is not true? There are two major classes of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases The selectivity of the aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases for their tRNA molecules is often called the second genetic code A single activating enzyme can interact with all the tRNAs for its corresponding amino acid aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases link amino acids to tRNA molecules without the need for an energy sourcearrow_forward
- What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase? The ability of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases to recognize tRNAs has sometimes been called the “second genetic code.” Why has the function of this type of enzyme been described this way?arrow_forwardWhat happens if you replace the trp codons in the trp leader sequence with codons specifying Isoleucine? The cell will synthesize tryptophan when it is low on isoleucine The cell can't synthesize tryptophan at all The cell will synthesize Isoleucine when it is low on tryptophan O The cell will synthesize tryptophan when it is low on tryptophanarrow_forwardDescribe the two sequential reactions that occur in the activesite of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.arrow_forward
- In bacteria, researchers have isolated strains that carry mutations within tRNA genes. These mutations can change the sequence of the anticodon. For example, a normal tRNATrp gene encodes a tRNA with the anticodon 3′–ACC–5′. A mutation can change this sequence to 3′–CCC–5′. When this mutation occurs, the tRNA still carries a tryptophan at its 3′ acceptor stem, even though the anticodon sequence has been altered. A. How would this mutation affect the synthesis of polypeptides within the bacterium? B. What does this mutation tell you about the recognition between tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase and tRNATrp? Does the enzyme primarily recognize the anticodon or not?arrow_forwardConsider the following original coding sequence of a gene that codes for a short 5- amino acid polypeptide: 5'-ATGGGCTCGAACTCATAA-3' Using the genetic code and the amino acid table below, which of the following sequences arises from a non-conservative missense mutation in the original sequence shown above? First base in codon U U A UUU UUC- UUA UUG- CUU CUC CUA CUG- U Phe (F) Leu (L) Leu (L) Second base in codon Val (V) UCU - UCC UCA UCG CCU CCC CCA CCG AUU ACU- AUC Ile (1) ACC AUA- ACA AUG Met (M) start ACG GUU GCU- GUC GCC GUA GCA GUG GCG- C Ser (S) Pro (P) Thr (T) Ala (A) UAU UAC UAAT UAG CAU CAC CAA CAG AAU AAC AAA AAG GAU GAC GAA GAG A Tyr (Y) STOP His (H) Gln (Q) Asn (N) Lys (K) Asp (D) Glu (E) G UGU UGC UGA STOP UGG Trp (W) Cys (C) CGU CGC CGA CGG AGU AGC AGA 1 AGG GGU- GGC GGA GGG Arg (R) Ser (S) Arg (R) Gly (G) U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G Last base in codonarrow_forwardA series of tRNAs have the following anticodons. Consider the wobble rules listed in Table and give all possible codons with which each tRNA can pair. Q. 5′ –CAG–3′arrow_forward
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