Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 15, Problem 20CTQ
Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes cells more robust to mutations.
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Chapter 15 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 15 - Figure 15.11 A scientist splices a eukaryotic...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.13 Errors in splicing are implicated in...Ch. 15 - Figure 15.16 Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial...Ch. 15 - The AUC and AUA codons in mRNA both specify...Ch. 15 - How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons? 12 24...Ch. 15 - Which event contradicts the central dogma of...Ch. 15 - Which subunit of the E. coli polymerase confers...Ch. 15 - The -10 and -35 regions of prokaryotic promoters...Ch. 15 - Three different bacteria species have the...Ch. 15 - Which feature of promoters can be found in both...
Ch. 15 - What transcripts will be most affected by low...Ch. 15 - How do enhancers and promoters differ? Enhancers...Ch. 15 - Which pre-mRNA processing step is important for...Ch. 15 - What processing step enhances the stability of...Ch. 15 - A scientist identifies a pre-mRNA with the...Ch. 15 - The RNA components of ribosomes are synthesized in...Ch. 15 - In any given species, there are at least how many...Ch. 15 - A scientist introduces a mutation that makes the...Ch. 15 - Imagine if there were 200 commonly occurring amino...Ch. 15 - Discuss how degeneracy of the genetic code makes...Ch. 15 - A scientist sequencing itiRNA identifies the...Ch. 15 - If mRNA is complementary to the DNA template...Ch. 15 - In your own words, describe the difference between...Ch. 15 - A fragment of bacterial DNA reads: 3’...Ch. 15 - A scientist observes that a cell has an RNA...Ch. 15 - Chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients often harbor...Ch. 15 - Transcribe and translate the following DNA...Ch. 15 - Explain how single nucleotide changes can have...Ch. 15 - A normal mRNA that reads 5’ -...
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Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Define both transcription and translation. In addition, describe the role(s) of each of the following in the processes of gene expression and protein synthesis: DNA, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA, ribosome(s), RNA polymerase, codon, anticodon, amino acid(s) and polypeptide(s). Be detailed in your answer.arrow_forwardInduced mutation are characterized by: Select the correct response: Exposure to free radicals that has been deposited in the aqueous phase and diffuses towards the cell that is followed by the inhibition of its replication or transcription, or may cause deletion. Physical and chemical agents that results in the transition, transversion, and framshift mutations of bases and other structural units that affects the overall function of a nucleic acid. Physical and chemical agents that results in the alteration of the electoronic characteristics of the bases and other structural units that affects the overall function of a nucleic acid. Point mutations that results in the transition, transversion, and framshift mutations of bases and other structural units that affects the overall function of a nucleic acid. Physical and chemical agents that results in the alteration base pairing where tautomers are formed affects the overall function of a nucleic acid.arrow_forwardPlease give one observation of the genetic code that indicates it minimizes the harmful effects of single base change mutations?arrow_forward
- Hydrogen bonds are important in DNA replication and transcription. They are relatively weak chemical bonds. Why is this a desirable feature for DNA? Describe the effect (s) of changing (mutating) the promoter on the transcription of the DNA strand/gene the promoter controls. What happens to protein synthesis if a nonsense codon is inserted into the gene? Explain why a point mutation does not necessarily change the original amino acid sequence. (Explain silent mutations) Choose any pentapeptide composed of five different amino acids. List the amino acids. Present one messenger RNA codon for each amino acids and the sequence of nucleotides on the DNA that originally coded for your pentapeptide.arrow_forwardDiscuss the significance of modified bases within tRNA molecules.arrow_forwardDNA mutations can affect the reading frame for the genetic code. What is a human condition caused by these mutations? Identify how the reading frame is affected.arrow_forward
- Define regulatory mutation. Describe how an insertion, deletion, or substituion of a base pair in a promoter might affect the transcription driven by that promoter.arrow_forwardList a few exceptions to the genetic code.arrow_forwardDiscuss exceptions found in mitochondria to theuniversal genetic code.arrow_forward
- The fidelity of the genetic code and the transfer of information contained in genes to proteins is crucial to the function of the cellular machinery and the life of the cell. Is the genetic code universal in all cells? What characteristics of the genetic code contribute to its degeneracy? How can changes in the genetic code alter cell function? Share relevant examples, of how the genetic code could be potentially altered and/ or the effect of changes in the code on protein expression. Include a reference.arrow_forwardDefine Nonoverlapping code as they apply to the genetic codearrow_forwardWhat is the survival value of the degeneracy of the genetic code? – Define what degeneracy means and then comment on why it would have survival value. Please keep answer between 2-3 sentencesarrow_forward
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